Pproperty investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Pproperty investment - Essay Example In the past three years, as compared to the previous three years, Property Unit Trust (PUTs) which is a pooled property fund in UK had raised more than ? 7.7 billion of new investment, which is more than six times of the net investments received. In the year 2006 alone, property funds have received ? 3.6 billion into property funds. (Bottle & Key 2007). Thus, indirect investment in UK is gaining momentum and this research essay researches into various features of the same in detail. Analysis of indirect investments in real estates in UK â€Å"Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT)† Sampson (2010, p 50) states that â€Å"Real Estate Investment Trust â€Å"surprisingly established very late in certain markets like UK. It took nearly five decades to introduce REITs in UK after it was introduced 1960 in US market. The fundamental concept of a REIT is spotless as investors are expected to invest in an investment vehicle and then later, fund will go for shopping and invest in various top notched prime properties. Thus, a participating interest in a portfolio of tangible assets by an investor is mirrored by a share owned in REITs. Madlem & Sykes (2000, p 284) argue that REITs are trusts or publicly traded companies that coalesce the investments of many investors for the purchase, development and administration of commercial real estate. A REIT is like a mutual fund which is meant for real estate investment only. Investors are benefited from the professionally diversified, managed portfolios and REITs shares are traded on national stock exchanges. RIETs have surfaced as a significant financial intermediary and still in the developing process in the field of domestic capital markets of UK. Due to high dividend yields in RIETs sector, investors are more attracted, which is higher than those offered by government securities. Madlem & Sykes (2000, p 284) are of the opinion that REITs are always a preferred investment destination to investors as it offers higher yield s and also since real estate’s have customarily been a good performer even during inflationary phases. Real estate companies, which see this as a passionate source of low-cost capital that could be made in the capital markets and later could reap huge capital appreciation due to increase in prices of properties. Thus, this has resulted in rapid growth on the part of real estate companies, and investors enjoyed a record-breaking growth rate in the REITs. Block (2006, p 8) stresses that REITs have offered individual investors all over UK with a mean to purchase shopping malls, skyscrapers, apartment buildings, hotel and any variety of commercial real estate one can imagine of. REITs offer the predictable and steady cash flow from the leases of real estates, but with advantages of liquidity of a common stock. As part of their ongoing real estate business, REITs usually offer access to capital, which can be employed to purchase additional properties. Madlem & Sykes (2000, p284) a rgues that an investment in real estate has been always regarded as a solid investment. However, like all other assets, it travels in cycles. Due to the global economic crisis in 2007, the commercial real estate around the globe including UK witnessed serious setbacks. As a result, new construction activities have come to stand still. This

Business plan for Gym Equipment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business plan for Gym Equipment - Essay Example Purchasing fitness equipment online too, has grown substantially over the last several years. From numerous infomercial products to high-end home exercise equipments, the Internet provides the medium for detailed information on the benefits and features of each product. As people overcome their fear of cyber shopping, they are learning that the Internet offers both - the convenience and the savings. Convenience comes from comparative shopping without having to travel to numerous fitness equipment stores, where you often deal with unknowledgeable sales representatives. The Internet has empowered the consumer with detailed product information, allowing them to make intelligent purchasing decisions. In addition, the Internet provides an opportunity to avoid the added costs incurred through purchases at retail stores. A percentage of any price tag at a store includes overhead costs like leasing prime space, employee wages and inventory. The Internet is changing the rules, and online purc hases can result into significant savings on items like fitness equipments. Although people, mostly youngsters, have become much more fitness conscious than ever - a few online shops are existent on world wide web, selling home gym equipments. ... Hence, the current business position clearly speaks the need of a selling media from where the good number of customers can be reached on an everyday basis. Thus, e-shops are an opportunity. Else, the Internet websites already existing in the market selling home gym equipments, aren't yet covering the whole of potential customers. They are often into a part-time business of selling products via Internet, over and above having their conventional exhibition center - and hence, their business models are not probably as powerful as what a full-fledged Internet venture could have. "How can you rate a successful e-business The outward signs of a robust and thriving business are: Revenue increases Ability to generate profits Success in creating meaningful alliances Success in expanding into new markets Differentiating itself from other business models " ( Online Internet Business Models). In such a scenario, there is an opportunity of launching an Internet shop selling home gym equipments, as its full-time Internet business. Business activity Launched in the early days of year 2008, 'Beauty Fitness', a full-time e-shop - is into the business of selling home gyms and fitness equipments to young people, and all the others who want to stay in a good shape, keep fit - both physically and mentally. With fast growing Internet accessibility, e-shops are gaining bigger and bigger potential. Having established their presence on computers of almost all the British households, e-shops are not limited with daily working hours, weekend offs, or festive holidays. Customers can have access to our Internet shop 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. More, while in classic shops customers are required to walk around the town, 'Beauty Fitness' offers the customers that ease,

Quality of the Sustainability Report of British Land

Quality of the Sustainability Report of British Land The British Land Company is a brand of property development and investment company, which is one of largest companies in the  United Kingdom. It focuses on managing, financing and developing prime commercial property. British Land was formed in 1856. Over the years, company has purchased land and then resold it to customers who wanted to buy it. Nowadays, British Land owns a lean team of 242 people which is based in the UK and Western Europe. The company manages more or less  £14 billion portfolio of office and retail properties. Moreover, company is listed on the  London Stock Exchange  and is a constituent of the  FTSE 100 Index  and has been a founding member of the  European Public Real Estate Association. Their objective is to deliver long-term and sustainable total returns to our shareholders As a company, British Land committed to achieve corporate social responsibility objectives by working hard to ensure that structure, customer propositions and investment programmes are sustainable in society, economic and environment. These activities from April 2013 to March 2014 were described in Corporate Responsibility Full Data Report 2014. As such, the quality of sustainability report will be analysed in the following. The quality of corporate responsibility report 2014 of British Land can be evaluated based on principles of guidelines published by Global Reporting Initiative (GRI).The GRI lists six principles to assess sustainability report which is of sufficient quality. They are balance, comparability, accuracy, timeliness, clarity and reliability.Six principles will be defined first and then look at information from British Land’s report and then evaluate quality of these principles in practice. Balance To produce a high quality sustainability report, not only it represents the true performance of an organisation, but also endless positive public relations. Balanced report means reflect positive and negative aspects of the organization’s performance to enable a reasoned assessment of overall performance. X A good way to demonstrate balanced reporting is to clearly state how the organization performed regarding measurable achievements set in the previous year.Stakeholders can review those successful targets or if more work.In the corporate responsibility report 2014, British Land reported progress against its three years strategy across all sustainability areas of the business. As we can see, company reported that they had successfully reduced 36% less carbon emissions than the 2009 baseline in the report. Additionally, British Land has saved  £6.9 million energy cost for occupiers since 2009 and achieved 93% of waste diverted from landfill at our properties and 83% on development. X Overall, they got improvement against 2009 and achieved lots of targets in different areas including economic, environment and social. Although British Land has met the greater of their targets in different areas, stakeholders can find out that British Land’s report put negative things about their performance. Take greenhouse gas emissions as an example, the production process discharged6,953 tonnes CO2e during 2014 which was 300 tonnes higher than the previous year. It was balanced that the report discloses both favorable and unfavorable information and results on a year-to-year basis. This style of report increased transparency and accountability towards stakeholders or other parties. Comparability Issues and information should be selected, compiled, and reported consistently. X This principle means that reported information should be presented in a consistent manner that enables stakeholders to analyse the performance of the organisation over time or against other organisations. First of all, the sustainability report and the information contained within can be compared on a year-to-year basis. It showed that the data of British Land from 2011 to 2014. Stakeholders can compare the performance with different years so as to make decisions. Moreover, British Land increased comparability by means of using the same benchmarks to analyse performance year on year. Take tons of waste as an example, company used these total numbers as well as ratios (waste per unit of production) for analytical comparison. Also, company used kWh as metrics to compare its carbon emissions relate to energy consumption with different years or other organisations. Additionally, company provided and explained different factors in the report such as differences in organizational size, geographic influences, and other limitations that may affect the relative performance of an organization. These will help stakeholders understand the factors that may contribute to differences in performance between organizations. Furthermore, the report used generally accepted protocols for compiling, measuring, and presenting information. The report has utilized where the GRI Technical Protocol is explicit on the metric to be used for an Indicator such as carbon footprint, days per employee, staff covered and waste, etc. If any metrics were not mentioned by the GRI, British Land used metrics that are generally adopted by other organisations in their industry. Business in the Community has coordinated the corporate responsibility (CR) index as the UK’s leading benchmarking tool for responsible business. X Accuracy The information contained must be highly accurateso as to produce a high quality sustainability report. Therefore, stakeholders can measure the performance of an organisation with confidence. Data accuracy requires building stringent and robust data collection processes, such as internal quality assurance procedures. The best way to ensure data quality is to have quality assurance built into the data collection process. In the sustainability report 2014 of British Land, there was enough information about process to assure the data collection. The company had Independent assurance which evaluated the design of the key structures, systems, processes and controls for managing recording and reporting the selected information. X For example, five data sites which was selected on the basis of their inherent risk and materiality to the group were visited to understand the key processes and controls for reporting site performance data to the group corporate responsibility team. An alternative way is to commission an external third party to verify or assure data accuracy. The third party is experienced in sustainability reporting and data. In the report, it showed that selected key performance data was assured by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PwC) which is one of big accounting firms over the world. For example, the accounting firm assured that data of carbon strategy was accurate, reliable and objective with no significant omissions that could affect stakeholders to make decision on British Land’s performance. X Finally, British Land has invited wider stakeholders to review their data collection processes and to provide feedback if any data inaccuracies have occurred. In 2014, stakeholders participated in the review and consultation of the different legislative and consumer aspects. Timeliness If a sustainability report to be useful to stakeholders, it should clearly state the time period covered by the data and to be consistent. Based on a regular timetable, the release date of the sustainability report should be predicted whether it is annual or biannual. Therefore, stakeholders can assess progress and make informed decisions on the organization’s performance. British Land has been reporting year on year on its sustainability performance since 2002. The company has accumulated many sustainability reports, which can all be downloaded and are available in multiple languages. The sustainability reports are published in April of every year, which makes it predictable to stakeholders and allows them to integrate British Land into their decision making process in a timely manner. Clarity According to the GRI, a high quality sustainability report should be written in a manner that is easily understandable, accessible and usable to its range of stakeholders. British Land used lots of visual charts, pictures, tables, infographic, diagrams and other aids tomake its content accessible and information easilyunderstandable. The company increased the attractiveness by using of its report by providing several formats such as on the web, as a PDF report or ebook. However, British Land is a property developmentand investment companies. As such, there are a series of professional terms such that need to be illustrated in its sustainability report. British Land has not published a useful glossary of professional terms. They can create on its sustainabilitywebsites for some references so as to makes its sustainability report easily understandable to its stakeholders, Reliability To producea high quality sustainability report, the information and contents disclosed can be traced to its sources, checked and examined by stakeholders or other parties. Stakeholders should be able to find evidence to establish the veracity in the sustainability report. British Land elected PwC as an independent 3rd party assurer to assess their sustainability report. However, PwC made a conclusion that they planned and performed the engagement to obtain limited assurance about whether the selected information is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. Also, PwC concluded British Land’s declared GRI application level of B+ was not fairly stated in accordance with the reporting criteria. To increase reliability, PwC did not get enough reference of all original sources of data and information used in the report. They just provided a guidance section giving information behind calculations used by the company. The reliability of this sustainability report was not sufficient. Although another big accounting firm KPMG produced anindependent assurance report, minor recommended updates were made to the British Land’s procedures in relation to the risk of bribery and corruption in December 2013. British Land did not get audit opinion that increased stakeholder confidence that the data and assertions in thesustainabilityreport can be relied on to make informed decisions. Conclusion To conclude, the quality the of sustainability report 2014 of British Land is up to standard. Especially for comparability and clarity, the report showed that information and comparisons are both meaningful overtime and it clearly explained the reasons and implications of collected information through visual charts, pictures, tables. However, there’s stillroom for improvement in the report. The Directors of the British Land engaged PwC provided limited assurance on the information described in full data report for the year ended 31 March 2014. To increase reliability and accuracy of the report, company can invite NGOs to review their data collection processes and to provide comments where they think data inaccuracies have occurred. Having more assurances increase stakeholder confidence that the data and assertions in sustainabilityreport can be relied on to make decisions. Furthermore, company can provide other popular formats such as software application in order to increase the attractiveness and use of its report. The sustainability reports as mobile apps can be published that are readable on smartphone and tablets. Stakeholders or businesses can increasingly incorporate tablets into day to day activities such as meetings and sustainability reporting apps must beubiquitous. The advantages of these apps over traditional formats are its highly interactive nature, the ability to easily review the report through buttons, and its visual beauty.

Biblical References in Grapes of Wrath Essay -- essays research papers

In his novel Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck integrated many biblical references and values throughout the book. This provided a more intriguing and complex style of writing that he used to tell about the Dust Bowl of the early 1900’s and the arduous journey the Joad family and many others took to reach California. The first biblical reference is revealed when the Joad family leaves for California. â€Å"the rest swarmed up on top of the load, Connie and Rose of Sharon, Pa and Uncle John, Ruthie and Winfield, Tom and the preacher. Noah stood on the ground, looking up at the great load of them sitting on top of the truck (Steinbeck 113)† This passage relates to the loading of animals into Noah’s Ark in Genesis 7:15 where it is written that the animals went into the ark in pairs. In the book, Steinbeck uses the truck to represent the ark while the family represents the animals going into the ark two by two. Although it is depicted in the Bible that the animals went in as couples, male and female, there were not enough female characters for Steinbeck to be able to have them get into the truck in couples. Steinbeck might have made Noah’s name Noah for this purpose to give an allusion that this passage was to mirror the act of Noah’s Ark. The second reference to Noah’s Ark is revealed near the end of the novel. â€Å"The rain began in gusty showers†¦for two days the earth drank the rain, until the earth was full†¦the rain beat on steadily†¦level fields became lakes†¦streams broke†¦and spread out over the country (Steinbeck 432-434).† This passage illustrates the great rain that comes to California and floods the valleys and over the fields. It floods the tents and homes of the Okies and causes them to move elsewhere to find shelter from the rain... ...till-born baby. The image when Uncle John floats the dead baby down the flooded steam is a reference to baby Moses when he is places into the Nile in a basket. Both babies were sent off into the world with the same message in mind, to tell of the plight of the people, which for the Joad’s was the harsh living conditions and lack of food and home, while for the Israelites was the inhumane murder of their baby boys. â€Å"‘Go down an’ tell em’. Go down in the street an’ rot an’ tell em’ that way. That’s the way you can talk’ (Steinbeck 448).† Steinbeck uses biblical allusions and references throughout his novel, from the very beginning to the climax and the end. The novel becomes a more meaningful and complex book with the use of these allusions and causes it to relate more and more with the Great Depression where many problems with authorities and social problems arose. Biblical References in Grapes of Wrath Essay -- essays research papers In his novel Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck integrated many biblical references and values throughout the book. This provided a more intriguing and complex style of writing that he used to tell about the Dust Bowl of the early 1900’s and the arduous journey the Joad family and many others took to reach California. The first biblical reference is revealed when the Joad family leaves for California. â€Å"the rest swarmed up on top of the load, Connie and Rose of Sharon, Pa and Uncle John, Ruthie and Winfield, Tom and the preacher. Noah stood on the ground, looking up at the great load of them sitting on top of the truck (Steinbeck 113)† This passage relates to the loading of animals into Noah’s Ark in Genesis 7:15 where it is written that the animals went into the ark in pairs. In the book, Steinbeck uses the truck to represent the ark while the family represents the animals going into the ark two by two. Although it is depicted in the Bible that the animals went in as couples, male and female, there were not enough female characters for Steinbeck to be able to have them get into the truck in couples. Steinbeck might have made Noah’s name Noah for this purpose to give an allusion that this passage was to mirror the act of Noah’s Ark. The second reference to Noah’s Ark is revealed near the end of the novel. â€Å"The rain began in gusty showers†¦for two days the earth drank the rain, until the earth was full†¦the rain beat on steadily†¦level fields became lakes†¦streams broke†¦and spread out over the country (Steinbeck 432-434).† This passage illustrates the great rain that comes to California and floods the valleys and over the fields. It floods the tents and homes of the Okies and causes them to move elsewhere to find shelter from the rain... ...till-born baby. The image when Uncle John floats the dead baby down the flooded steam is a reference to baby Moses when he is places into the Nile in a basket. Both babies were sent off into the world with the same message in mind, to tell of the plight of the people, which for the Joad’s was the harsh living conditions and lack of food and home, while for the Israelites was the inhumane murder of their baby boys. â€Å"‘Go down an’ tell em’. Go down in the street an’ rot an’ tell em’ that way. That’s the way you can talk’ (Steinbeck 448).† Steinbeck uses biblical allusions and references throughout his novel, from the very beginning to the climax and the end. The novel becomes a more meaningful and complex book with the use of these allusions and causes it to relate more and more with the Great Depression where many problems with authorities and social problems arose.

Theory of Consumer Behavior

Chapter 4 – Theory of Consumer Behavior Economics 11 – UPLB Prepared by T. B. Paris, Jr. December 11, 2007 Theory of Consumer Behavior ? ? ? Useful for understanding the demand side of the market. Utility – amount of satisfaction derived from the consumption of a commodity †¦. measurement units ? utils Utility concepts ? ? cardinal utility – assumes that we can assign values for utility, (Jevons, Walras, and Marshall). E. g. , derive 100 utils from eating a slice of pizza ordinal utility approach – does not assign values, instead works with a ranking of preferences. Pareto, Hicks, Slutsky) Total utility and marginal utility ? ? Total utility (TU) – the overall level of satisfaction derived from consuming a good or service Marginal utility (MU) additional satisfaction that an individual derives from consuming an additional unit of a good or service. ? TU MU = ? Q Total utility and marginal utility Example (Table 4. 1): Q 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 T U 0 20 27 32 35 35 34 30 36 MU –20 7 5 3 0 -1 -4 ? ? ? ? TU, in general, increases with Q At some point, TU can start falling with Q see Q = 6) If TU is increasing, MU > 0 From Q = 1 onwards, MU is declining ? principle of diminishing marginal utility ? As more and more of a good are consumed, the process of consumption will (at some point) yield smaller and smaller additions to utility Total Utility Curve TU 35 Total utility(in utils) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 Quantity 6 Q Figure 4. 1 Marginal Utility Curve MU Marginal utility (in utils) 20 15 10 5 0 -5 Figure 4. 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 Quantity Q Consumer Equilibrium ? ?So far, we have assumed that any amount of goods and services are always available for consumption In reality, consumers face constraints (income and prices): Limited consumers income or budget ? Goods can be obtained at a price ? Some simplifying assumptions ? ? ? ? Consumer’s objective: to maximize his/her utility subject to income constraint 2 goods (X, Y ) Prices Px, Py are fixed Consumer’s income (I) is given Consumer Equilibrium ? Marginal utility per peso ? additional utility derived from spending the next peso on the good MU MU per peso = PConsumer Equilibrium ? Optimizing condition: MU X MU Y = PX PY ? If MU X MU Y > PX PY ? spend more on good X and less of Y Simple Illustration ? Suppose: X = fishball Y = siomai ? Assume: PX = 2 PY = 10 Numerical Illustration Qx 1 2 3 4 5 6 TUX 30 39 45 50 54 56 MUX 30 9 6 5 4 2 MUx Px 15 4. 5 3 2. 5 2 1 QY 1 2 3 4 5 6 TUY 50 105 148 178 198 213 MUY 50 55 43 30 20 15 MUy Py 5 5. 5 4. 3 3 2 1. 5 ? ? 2 potential optimum positions Combination A: ? X = 3 and Y = 4 ? TU = TUX + TUY = 45 + 178 = 223 ? Combination B: ? ? X = 5 and Y = 5 TU = TUX + TUY = 54 + 198 = 252 ? Presence of 2 potential equilibrium positions suggests that we need to consider income. To do so let us examine how much each consumer spends for each combination. Expenditure per combination ? ? Total expenditure = PX X + PY Y Combination A: 3(2) + 4(10) = 46 ? Combination B: 5(2) + 5(10) = 60 ? Scenarios: If consumer’s income = 46, then the optimum is given by combination A. .†¦Combination B is not affordable ? If the consumer’s income = 60, then the optimum is given by Combination B†¦. Combination A is affordable but it yields a lower level of utility ? end

Migration HIV and the political economy theory

Human immunodeficiency Virus (H.I.V) is spread through; 1) Sexual intercourse with an infected individual. 2) Use of needles or syringe for injections with an infected individual. 3) Transfusions of infected blood and blood clotting factors; Children to an infected mother may be infected before, during or after birth due to breastfeeding. (See migration HIV @) Migration is the movement of people from one locality to another. Incase one immigrant is infected there is the risk of spread of the virus. Sexual Intercourse with an infected person; When people move from one place to another they always don’t move with their sex partners. They therefore search for prostitutes or new partners to have sex with. Incase of unprotected sex, the virus will be transmitted. Many couples may not want to for H.I.V checkup so they may not be aware of their status. When these immigrants go back to their original sex partners the virus is spread again. This is normally worsened due to unfaithfulness of married couples or sex partners. Use of needles or syringe for injections with an infected person; In third world countries, needles and syringe are shared due to the unaffordable new ones. Most people don’t know their status and if they know they don’t make others aware. So the use of contaminated needles is normally unavoidable. The illiterate believe that washing needles or syringe thoroughly with hot water is good enough which is not true. Immigrants may not know where to get qualified doctors and frequent quarks that expose them to the risk. When they travel back to their motherlands the virus is spread more. This is also very common with users of Heroine and other illegal drugs. Transfusion of blood and blood clotting factors; Due to high costs of qualified doctors, Immigrants may want to look for cheap nurses without looking at the implications. Blood from donors is not screened at such clinics, this spreads the virus further. A theoretical analysis from a political-economic perspective of migration and the transmission of HIV indicates that citizens of such states can live in any part of the country without restriction in order to improve their standards of living. Due to the struggles of life people are encouraged to look for greener pastures wherever the location, an example is whereby someone is posted to another part of the country or world for work or due to a promotion. Someone may decide to start a business in a different town from his original place of residence. In Kenya, kikuyus are good in making money so they are always ready to do this in any part of the country and end up being immigrants. In Kenya there has been cases of Members of parliament being spotted at Koinange Street, a place for sex trade. Politics have made these people rich and can afford to spend on slats. Prostitues look at this as a major source of income. The city is filled with unemployed immigrants; everytime getting a job proves to be hard they result to prostitution in order to earn a living. Prostutes may be so desperate that they don’t mind having unprotected sex hence become vulnerable. The current Kenyan Government is not allowing prostitution. Streets at night are being cleared everyday and slats asked to get other sources of income. These people end up getting married and may not consider going for a HIV check up before tying the note, they therefore infect their couples. The new government should make it a law that before people get married they should go for a thorough medial check up. This law will minimize the chances of further transmissions. In Kenya; Luos and other tribes encourage wife inheritance this happens as a tradition .The new husband is always the bread winner because most widows are normally poor and cant afford to pay for their bills. In most cases the widows normally have HIV infections. Sex with new husbands/wife is normally a risk. Brothers to the deceased brother may have to move in from other areas to live with the widow or the widow may have to move to her in-law for inheritance. The new Government is also promising to stop this tradition completely. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a deeply rooted tradition in some African communities; an example is the Gusii community in Kenya. Most of those who do the cutting consider it to be a source of income. They don’t change the knives so one cutting objects may be shared by more than twenty people. These circumcisers are illiterate and don’t understand the risk that they expose their clients to. They also consider new tools and equipment to be costly. Female Genital Mutilation is a practice that is not allowed by the Kenya (in Africa) Government so those have the tradition doesn’t looks for professional help hence exposing their clients. Lately, Members of parliament from such areas have been campaigning for the abolition of such traditions. The government should enforce the following laws: 1) One man one woman: Those with job transfers should move with their wives. This will reduce the need for prostitution and unfaithfulness. 2) Prisoners should be allowed to have intimate relationships with their wives: Due to the high levels of poverty in Africa citizens may be tempted to steal are engage in fraud activites. They therefore land in prisons were they might sexual intercourse with other women/men convicts. Prisoners should be visited by their wives at certain times and given a bed to help themselves. 3) Prostitution should be completely abolished: Prostitutes should not be arrested but should be introduced to other styles of income generation. Most prostitutes do it for the sake of money and with most rich people being their clients they might not want to quit. Salaries for Members of Parliament should be reduced and that amount redistributed to the poor through business loans. 4) Hospital/medical expenses should be made affordable: Every citizen will avoid quarks that might share needles/syringe. Gorvement’s trained medical personnel will always make sure that blood is screened before transfusion. 5) Legitimacy and illiteracy should be reduced: Citizens should be encouraged to acquire knowledge and education regarding HIV transmisission. They will therefore stop their awkward thoughts and traditions, which include; a) Female Genital Mutilation where one knife may used on more than twenty people before being washed, not even being changed. b) Marrying of daughters to rich people for the sake of dowry. c) Sharing of needles among drug users. In conclusion, migration should never be a factor contributing the transmission of HIV. People should have sex discipline all the time regardless of their newresidence. This includes: 1) Abstain 2) Be faithful to their sex partners 3) Have protected sex. Prostitutes should also be made aware of the danger they are exposing themselves and the others to besides the economic value of unprotected sex. Personal doctors should always be consulted regardless of the distance. These are the professionals that someone can trust with their treatment and cases of contaminated, blood for transfusion, needles or syringe will be reduced. Â  

Reasons for Joining WW1 (DBQ) essays

Reasons for Joining WW1 (DBQ) essays To the winner go the spoils, to the loser goes humiliation, but if its not your fight, avoid either of those situations and stay out of it. That seemed to be Wilsons opinion in 1914. As World War I began and expanded to much of Europe, the US [mainly Wilson] decided to remain neutral. However, things dont always go as planned. Nationalism, financial interests, and past American connections with other nations caused the US to abandon its neutrality and enter World War I. Americas nationalism included the tendency to act in their own interest, such as protecting themselves from war. Once Germany started threatening force with their submarines, America had to take action to defend itself. If the US tolerated this international bullying, it would diminish its reputation as a great power. Instead, as document 5 shows; when Germany tried to act against America, America accepted it as a justified reason for going to war. Another one of Germanys strikes against America was the Zimmerman Note, explained in document 4. The note enraged Americans, who saw it as Germany going behind our back to set up an alliance incase things went bad. It also encouraged Mexico to take back certain parts of land that were now part of the US. Clearly this didnt please America, who once again saw this as a need to take a defensive standpoint. Perhaps the most influential but least honorable reason for joining the war, was the financial aspect. America had many commercial investments overseas, and this war threatened them. That was when Wilson proclaimed American a neutral country; this way keeping trade relations mellow with all countries. Some business leaders praised the choice of going neutral, others who had stronger connections with Great Britain, wanted to aid the country if necessary. After all, as document 2 shows, trade with Britain was at higher rates than trade with any other country. And when it was necessary...

Research Term Papers

Research Term Papers Writing successful research term papers requires the skills of choosing a topic, focusing in on a thesis, investigating the subject, analyzing information, and reporting the results. Careful investigation of your own opinions, the facts about a situation, and the judgments of others will help you write a successful research papers or term papers. Because research writing involves so many different skills and activities, it is especially important to be systematic in your approach. In order to complete your research term papers successfully you will need to go through several steps in your writing process. At first, you will need to analyze the paper assignment. Then, you should plan a research strategy and actually do the research paper. Conducting good research requires taking good notes and keeping good records. Before research paper writing, choose a preliminary thesis and write an outline. Only after this write the first draft. Then read the paper again and revise it, repeat revisions till you get the final result. And finally, document your sources correctly. Writing research term papers will require a lot of work with texts from books, Internet, magazines, journals and other written sources. Simply to find the relevant material is not enough for writing good research term papers. You should use your sources effectively. The key point to quoting is not to overdo it. Inexperienced writers tend to insert too many quotations in their research term papers, using their own sentences just to link these passages. But readers only glance over long quotations. With too many quotations, certainly with more than two or three on a page, the writing will be disconnected, the argument will be unclear, and your own voice will be buried by those of others. Therefore in order to avoid such fallacies you should limit your use of direct quotations in the paper. You should use direct quotations only in the cases when you want to provide a sample of a writing style or dialect, when a point is particularly well stated, or when the exact phrasing of a policy or a law is important to your argument. Therefore, always track the quantity and quality of your quotations. Keep yourself from including in your research papers or term papers all collected information for the topic. Use only the most important sources and make a quote as short as possible. In order to succeed in writing your research term papers you should make them understandable to the reader and use relevant information that is directly related to your research topic. Therefore you should make your research term papers structured and coherent. In order to structure your paper write an outline that will state your research term paper background, thesis and your main points. Use this outline as a frame for writing the paper. Write the paper in already outlined order. It will not only help your readers to better follow your thought but also you to compose the paper in order. In the end of the research term paper, write your conclusion that will summarize the whole information written above. It will help the reader to recall information written in your paper and consolidate it in mind. Properly written conclusion is especially important when your research term paper is very long and consists of detailed information that is difficult to remember from the first reading. Make it simpler for your readers. Remind them what you have been describing in your research term paper. If you need custom paper writing help from highly qualified writers you can use our custom writing service that provides high-quality custom papers and essays written from scratch.

A Comparison of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Abortion

A Comparison of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Abortion Abstract The topic of abortion has been a controversial subject for many years. The people for or against it have split into two groups, pro- life and pro-choice. The main topic of discussion about this is when does life begin and when is it appropriate for abortion to be done, if it is appropriate or okay at any time at all. There has been many facts and reasons for why or why not abortion should be done. These will be found in the following paper. Keywords: pro life, pro choice, abortion. Pro Life vs Pro Choice: When does life begin? The debate over whether or not abortion should be a legal option continues to divide many Americans, even after the US Supreme Court’s ruling declaring that abortion is a fundamental right† for women nationwide. People that agree with this, referred to as pro-choice, believe that abortion is a right that should not be limited by the government or any religious authority. They also say that pregnant women with unwanted pregnancies will succumb to unsafe illegal abortions if there is no legal option available to them (Should Abortion, 2013). People against this identifying themselves as pro-life, saying that ‘personhood’ begins at conception, thus meaning abortion is the immoral killing of an innocent human being. It is also said by â€Å"pro-lifers† that abortion inflicts suffering on the unborn child, and also that it isn’t fair to allow abortion when couples who cannot biologically conceive are waiting to adopt (Head, 2013). It has been said in many articles that abortion is wrong, and all of them give ideally the same reasons as said before. One article in particular however shows the change of a person from pro-choice, to pro-life. It tells the story of a pro-choice medical student that after his experience of witnessing an abortion quickly changed his opinion on the matter. Terzo’s witness of the abortion was following (2013): When I entered the operating room, it felt like any other I had ever been in. On the table in front of me, I saw a woman, legs up as if delivering a child although she was asleep. Next to her was a tray of instruments for the abortion and a vacuum machine for suctioning the fetal tissues from the uterus. The doctors put on their gowns and masks and the procedure began. The cervix was held open with a crude metal instrument and a large transparent tube was stuck inside of the woman. Within a matter of seconds, the machine’s motor was engaged and blood, tissue, and tiny organs were pulled out of their environment into a filter. A minute later, the vacuum choked to a halt. The tube was removed, and stuck to the end was a small body and a head attached haphazardly to it, what was formed of the neck snapped. The ribs had formed with a thin skin covering them, the eyes had formed, and the inner organs had begun to function. The tiny heart of the fetus, obviously a little boy, had ju st stopped — forever. The vacuum filter was opened, and the tiny arms and legs that had been torn off of the fetus were accounted for. The fingers and toes had the beginnings of their nails on them. The doctors, proud of their work, reassembled the body to show me. Tears welled up in my eyes as they removed the baby boy from the table and shoved his body into a container for disposal. He goes on saying that most people who are pro-choice as he was before, are only pro choice because they do not know what is happening in that operating room, and if they did they would most certainly become pro-life, if not in it’s entirety, then simply in the abortion aspect of it. There is another article that give insight into the argument of â€Å"when does life really begin?† It was said that even pro choice philosophers agree that life begins at fertilization. According to Wilcox (2013), â€Å"They grow through cellular reproduction and division, they metabolize food for energy, and they respond to stimuli. In fact, the only thing the unborn need to survive are adequate nutrition, a proper environment, and an absence of fatal threats. That’s all any of us need. There is no point in human development at which the developing entity goes from non-life to living†. The artcle continues to state that since life does begin at fertilization that abortion is the immoral killing of human beings and should not be legal. My reaction to this simply, why does it affect them? Whether it is their moral belief, philosophical belief, or scientific belief, the actions of others outside their immediate group or family will most likely not affect them. To me it almost as if they are trying to push their moral belief on someone and persuade everyone to believe what they believe, this cannot always happen. Who gives someone the right to tell someone whether or not they can legally decide to bring a life into the world, the government? Why is the government revisiting an issue that was seemingly resolved before in another case? Is this an attempt to even further control the population? I am asking these questions because it is literally impossible to have everyone be happy, even in a compromise, both parties is not totally getting what they wanted. So, in my opinion, I think that the lawfulness of abortion should be left alone. It has been working fine, and although everyone is not happy, it is too controversial of a subject that should not be touched again.

Ammianus Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ammianus - Assignment Example Gestae 31.4 the preferable perspective is that the battle was roman induced against Gothic since they were not settled and suffered hardships in the process of getting used to the Roman system. In support of this perspective, Ammianus’ Res Gestae 31.4 argues that the battle began in 376 after the death of Christ; the Goths after being displaced decided to get refuge in the Roman Empire. This is in the hope that they would get used to farming and become soldiers. On reaching the empire, the Gothic began revolts led by Lupinicus and Maximus since they were undergoing hardships in the hands of the Romans. As a result of these attacks by Gothic, the Roman emperor in 378 after death of Christ decided to retaliate with reinforcement from his allies and the Gothic claimed for some Roman territory in order to stop the battle. This made the emperor furious and combined the army into seven legions composed of war veterans. They aimed at capturing and enslaving the Gothic and to take over the lost territories (Ammianus’ Res Gestae 31.4) Ammianus’ Res Gestae 31.4 describes this perspective as preferable since there is evidence that the Gothic tried to take over the Roman Empire as a result of the hardships they went through. This came in a bid to stop the harshness that they were receiving from the Romans who were supposed to offer homage to the

The next generation air transportation system Research Paper

The next generation air transportation system - Research Paper Example The Next Generation 2010plan was developed with a plan to focus on theimprovement of the operations. In 2003 a Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO) was developed to plan and coordinate the development of the system. Next Generation Air Transport System is majorly designed to relieve airspace congestion problems at high density airports (Rodrigues and Cusik). These airports are said to have a lot of flights taking place within 24 hours and human traffic is also high per year. Therefore FAA has rated them top in the list to receive this upgrading; an example is the New York Airport and Dallas Fort Worth International Airport. This system has been in demonstration in Delta Airlines and FedEx. Refining and improving satellite navigation through augmentation systems will assist pilots in all flight phases that are: taxing, to take-off, en-route flying and landing in all weather conditions, reaching the level of safety thatwill be required to cope with the continuous increase in the number of flights. It is an important development because flights could be for commercial purposes or leisure purposes within the same airspace thus the need to separate them. The old system provides navigation to pilots through the aid of equipment like Non Directional Beacon (NDB) which is a radio transmitter put on the ground at a known location from which the aircraft can track to or from, whereas VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR) which is used to provide a more accurate directional information. Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) providesdistance information to and from the facility. Lastly, there is Instrument Landing System (ILS) that provides lateral and vertical guidance to aircraft approaching landing. All these facilities had to be located in positions where they were accessible for maintenance and optimum navigation purposes. Currently in the old systemdomestic airspace is monitored by the radar and there are

International Trade and finance Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Trade and finance Law - Essay Example In a number of ways, the mortgage industry also suffered, culminating in evictions, cancellations of mortgage programs in the pipeline and led to prolonged joblessness. The meltdown contributed immensely towards the closure of important corporations, decreases in buying power, and massive business losses. The ensuing chaos led to a significant slump in economy leading to recession, with lasting ramifications still being felt in Europe as evident in Euro Debt crisis. This paper critically analyses whether or not weak regulations resulted in the crisis. Many factors have been linked to the financial crisis, with differing priorities being attributed to the possible causes. There is consensus, though, that the crisis was the consequence of excessive investment in too risky, intricate financial programs1. Conflicts of interest being kept secret, the ineptitude of credit regulators, and the inability of the market to control the stock market are also other contributing factors linked to t he crisis. It is notable that the 1999 amendment of the Glass-Steagall Act by the US Congress, successfully removed the thin line which separated investment and depository financial institutions in the country. As a result, it can be argued that credit regulatory bodies and investors did not provide accurate valuation of the risks that mortgage-related pecuniary products could precipitate on the global economy. Equally, governments failed to modify their regulatory regimes to handle the current neo-modern financial economy. Studies on the origin of the meltdown have also been based on the impact of interest rate. Nonetheless, immediately after the crisis erupted, governments responded by enacting palliative pecuniary policies to control the ripple-effect on different economic sectors. These elaborate self-preservation measures such as the US Dodd-Frank regulatory reforms (2010) point to the laxity of laws as the main cause of the crisis. Poor regulations Out-dated regulatory mechani sms arguably left the financial sector to virtually regulate itself, despite the main aim of business organizations being making profit. It was difficult to verify the intentions of the many citizens who had applied for excess credit in an effort to build their families a decent home. This presumed innocence of the investors has turned the heat on bankers who approved the indiscriminate borrowings2. Banking industry has been an operating under strict laws for a very long time now; but over time and due to the growth of the global economy, the financial services industry may have been operating under lax regulatory regimes that could not handle rapid economic growth and globalization of the economy. This paper will prove that weak regulations and poor policy decisions played an important role in in events that led to the crisis. Institutional policies left oversight authorities with little to do in terms of making effective responses to crises of this magnitude. Regulations are said to have aggravated the negative impacts of the bubble in the value of homes. The laws and policy decisions that arguably contributed toward the crisis will also be considered. If not, new regulatory mechan

A Research on the marketing strategies of Meritus Mandarin Hotel and Dissertation

A Research on the marketing strategies of Meritus Mandarin Hotel and its position in the tourism industry - Dissertation Example The objective of the research paper is to analyze the reasons behind the adoption of various marketing strategies by the hotel. The research study will assess the present strategic position of the hotel and the tourism industry of Singapore. The study will also analyze the various factors which lead to increase in customer satisfaction and also provide recommendations for improving the marketing strategy and the brand positioning of the hotel. The first section of the study is the introductory part which includes a background analysis of Meritius Mandarin hotel and the tourism industry of Singapore. It also includes the academic objectives of the company. The second section of the study includes analysis of Mandarin Orchard Singapore’s branding position, pricing and revenue strategy, service recovery and complaint handling procedure of the Mandarin Orchard Singapore. In the third and the fourth section, analysis is done through correlation and regression to find out the attrac tive factors of the hotel. Finally, it concludes with recommendation to improve the ambience of the hotel, recreational facilities, food of the restaurant etc. Acknowledgements I would take this opportunity to thank and express my gratitude to my supervisor Mr. Justin Kung for his exemplary guidance in topics related to customer satisfaction, service quality and market. The constant guidance given by him throughout the project has helped me in attaining knowledge related to the project. I could not have completed the project without his help and guidance. I would also like to thank my classmates for sharing their opinions and experiences related with this project. Lastly, I would also like to thank my librarian for assisting and guiding me through a section of books related to marketing and hotel industry of Singapore. I could not have completed my project without the detailed information provided in the library books. Regards Desta lee Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Reasons for choosin g the topic Tourism has become a global activity because it is a part of the global process of change and development (Connell and Page, 2006). The importance of tourism has changed gradually over the years; it is an economic activity which promotes economic development and increases the economic growth of a country. Tourism is no longer confined to developed countries but also includes travel to the developing countries. Firstly, the mindset of the tourist has changed and they are seeking new destinations which offer relaxation and creative thinking. Secondly, the purchasing power of the people has also increased which has led to the increase in global tourism. Singapore has become one of the popular destinations of the world also known as food paradise of the world

Book of Daniel Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Book of Daniel - Research Paper Example The Commencing of counting according to the text is in the year 458 BC, which is the seventh year of the King Artaxerxes of Persia. The king, during this year, issues an order that Ezra begins his journey to Jerusalem on the first day of the first month. According to  current calendars, it would be 8th of April1. The beginning of the Christian The Christian era began soon after 457 years and nine months of this time. At around the time of 26 AD, John the Baptist  starts his assigned ministry and he baptizes Jesus who later the same year began his ministry too. The prophecy dictates that the Messiah or the anointed one’s killing would be on the seventieth week or after three and a half years. During this time, the city and the temple of Jerusalem would face destruction. Daniel was a captive of Babylon since 606 BC before he came an understanding that the captivity would last 70 years while reading Jeremiah’s prophecies. As Daniel was praying for the restoration and r edeeming of his people, the Angel of the Lord came to him and made it clear the exact time of the long- awaited Messianic Kingdom. The following is a detailed verse-to-verse, word-to-word explanation of the prophecy of the coming of the Messiah2. Verse 24 states that, â€Å"Seventy weeks are determined upon thy people and  thy holy city, to finish the transgression, and to end of sins, and to make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness, and to seal up the vision and prophecy, and anoint the most holy.† The verse specifically reveals that time of accomplishment of the prophecy is 70 weeks. The number seventy is very symbolic in this text and not just a number. First, seventy is a multiple of ten and according to Genesis 31:7 signifies completeness. Secondly, seven is a number that signifies divine perfection as stated in Genesis 2:3. The punishment of sin being the suffering for 70 years and response to Peters question on Forgiveness that we s hould forgive until 70 times is a major theme in this verse. It is clear that transgression and sin will be common until the emergence of the Messianic Kingdom. According to the Hebrews, the word week meant years or weeks of days (Shabuim Yomim). Therefore, seventy weeks meant 70 times 7 or 490 years until fulfilment. Only Jesus of Nazareth fulfilled the prediction of a holy ruler in a perfect kingdom. His own people or those of the Anointed One (Acts 10:38) and the Holy one are his children, and the fruit of his travail on the cross. Through free justification by Grace and anointment under the new covenant, they become just as righteous as he is (I John 3:5-7). The spotless Lamb slain before the world began (Revelation 13:8), who from the beginning to the end of this world, all sin-ended, reconciliation and atonement achieved, Abraham rejoiced on seeing (John 8:56). According to Hebrews 3:1 the holy brethren or otherwise referred to as saints in Romans 1:7 comprise the true temple of God (I Corinthians 3:16, 17) that is also the body of Christ according to Ephesians 1:22 and 233. Coming of Messiah In verse 25, â€Å"Know, therefore, and understand, that from the going forth of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah the Prince shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks: the street shall be

International Trade and finance Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Trade and finance Law - Essay Example In a number of ways, the mortgage industry also suffered, culminating in evictions, cancellations of mortgage programs in the pipeline and led to prolonged joblessness. The meltdown contributed immensely towards the closure of important corporations, decreases in buying power, and massive business losses. The ensuing chaos led to a significant slump in economy leading to recession, with lasting ramifications still being felt in Europe as evident in Euro Debt crisis. This paper critically analyses whether or not weak regulations resulted in the crisis. Many factors have been linked to the financial crisis, with differing priorities being attributed to the possible causes. There is consensus, though, that the crisis was the consequence of excessive investment in too risky, intricate financial programs1. Conflicts of interest being kept secret, the ineptitude of credit regulators, and the inability of the market to control the stock market are also other contributing factors linked to t he crisis. It is notable that the 1999 amendment of the Glass-Steagall Act by the US Congress, successfully removed the thin line which separated investment and depository financial institutions in the country. As a result, it can be argued that credit regulatory bodies and investors did not provide accurate valuation of the risks that mortgage-related pecuniary products could precipitate on the global economy. Equally, governments failed to modify their regulatory regimes to handle the current neo-modern financial economy. Studies on the origin of the meltdown have also been based on the impact of interest rate. Nonetheless, immediately after the crisis erupted, governments responded by enacting palliative pecuniary policies to control the ripple-effect on different economic sectors. These elaborate self-preservation measures such as the US Dodd-Frank regulatory reforms (2010) point to the laxity of laws as the main cause of the crisis. Poor regulations Out-dated regulatory mechani sms arguably left the financial sector to virtually regulate itself, despite the main aim of business organizations being making profit. It was difficult to verify the intentions of the many citizens who had applied for excess credit in an effort to build their families a decent home. This presumed innocence of the investors has turned the heat on bankers who approved the indiscriminate borrowings2. Banking industry has been an operating under strict laws for a very long time now; but over time and due to the growth of the global economy, the financial services industry may have been operating under lax regulatory regimes that could not handle rapid economic growth and globalization of the economy. This paper will prove that weak regulations and poor policy decisions played an important role in in events that led to the crisis. Institutional policies left oversight authorities with little to do in terms of making effective responses to crises of this magnitude. Regulations are said to have aggravated the negative impacts of the bubble in the value of homes. The laws and policy decisions that arguably contributed toward the crisis will also be considered. If not, new regulatory mechan

Book of Daniel Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Book of Daniel - Research Paper Example The Commencing of counting according to the text is in the year 458 BC, which is the seventh year of the King Artaxerxes of Persia. The king, during this year, issues an order that Ezra begins his journey to Jerusalem on the first day of the first month. According to  current calendars, it would be 8th of April1. The beginning of the Christian The Christian era began soon after 457 years and nine months of this time. At around the time of 26 AD, John the Baptist  starts his assigned ministry and he baptizes Jesus who later the same year began his ministry too. The prophecy dictates that the Messiah or the anointed one’s killing would be on the seventieth week or after three and a half years. During this time, the city and the temple of Jerusalem would face destruction. Daniel was a captive of Babylon since 606 BC before he came an understanding that the captivity would last 70 years while reading Jeremiah’s prophecies. As Daniel was praying for the restoration and r edeeming of his people, the Angel of the Lord came to him and made it clear the exact time of the long- awaited Messianic Kingdom. The following is a detailed verse-to-verse, word-to-word explanation of the prophecy of the coming of the Messiah2. Verse 24 states that, â€Å"Seventy weeks are determined upon thy people and  thy holy city, to finish the transgression, and to end of sins, and to make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness, and to seal up the vision and prophecy, and anoint the most holy.† The verse specifically reveals that time of accomplishment of the prophecy is 70 weeks. The number seventy is very symbolic in this text and not just a number. First, seventy is a multiple of ten and according to Genesis 31:7 signifies completeness. Secondly, seven is a number that signifies divine perfection as stated in Genesis 2:3. The punishment of sin being the suffering for 70 years and response to Peters question on Forgiveness that we s hould forgive until 70 times is a major theme in this verse. It is clear that transgression and sin will be common until the emergence of the Messianic Kingdom. According to the Hebrews, the word week meant years or weeks of days (Shabuim Yomim). Therefore, seventy weeks meant 70 times 7 or 490 years until fulfilment. Only Jesus of Nazareth fulfilled the prediction of a holy ruler in a perfect kingdom. His own people or those of the Anointed One (Acts 10:38) and the Holy one are his children, and the fruit of his travail on the cross. Through free justification by Grace and anointment under the new covenant, they become just as righteous as he is (I John 3:5-7). The spotless Lamb slain before the world began (Revelation 13:8), who from the beginning to the end of this world, all sin-ended, reconciliation and atonement achieved, Abraham rejoiced on seeing (John 8:56). According to Hebrews 3:1 the holy brethren or otherwise referred to as saints in Romans 1:7 comprise the true temple of God (I Corinthians 3:16, 17) that is also the body of Christ according to Ephesians 1:22 and 233. Coming of Messiah In verse 25, â€Å"Know, therefore, and understand, that from the going forth of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah the Prince shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks: the street shall be

Food Insecurities Essay Example for Free

Food Insecurities Essay Have you ever seen a person yell at his colleague or his partner, overreacting on a particular matter that has caused not only the person who got yelled at to feel annoyed, but also third parties who know about it or have witnessed the scene? For the many who do not wish to get into the mess, or has enough logic sense to not judge immediately, they will most likely give out a fair statement and try to reason out that person’s overreaction by saying he probably had a bad day or he probably has dilemma at home. However, if we take a bit closer and look closely, all of us will eventually realise that it all goes down to one matter; insecurity. Insecurities are not something new and unfamiliar to the human kind. Everyone has insecurities, regardless of whether they realise it or not. The Oxford Dictionary defines insecurity as the uncertainty or anxiety about oneself or lack of confidence. Insecurities exist in every living soul on this planet. Till today, it is still seen as a negative matter as not many have addressed this issue in proper ways using proper mediums. Most parents don’t even talk about it and shove it away when their children decide to speak up about it. Little do people know that the slightest things in life are the ones that add up to our insecurities. The amount of insecurity in a person differs from one to the other. The types of insecurities that one possesses also vary. The most common type of insecurity is physical insecurity. Let’s face it; human beings are never satisfied. Even when you have all the parts of the body needed to sustain and go through your daily routine with ease, you still beg for more. Some want healthier and shiner hair, some want to be taller, but most importantly, everyone wants something. It is not just human beings as an individual who face insecurities, but also countries and states. Currently, the world is looking at the issue of food insecurity, which is also classified as a type of insecurity. Food security may be said as the availability of food and one’s access to it. Hence, the United Nations have defined food security as all people at all times having both physical and economic access to the basic food they need. For more than 2 billion of people on this planet, they are lucky to not worry about this form of insecurity. However, we might not realise this but this matter is more complicated than it seems. Food securities may result from many different causes. It is imperative that we focus on why are the food insecure, and why are the people are food insecure. Among the most common causes of food insecurities are drought and extreme weather changes. This setback, which is very commonly faced by third world countries, usually ranges from overnight floods to droughts. In short, the climate changes faced by these countries are extreme. In most African countries, like Nigeria, droughts are not new to them. It has been a setback since the time of their ancestors; nonetheless, they are helpless at it and have no comeback on solving this matter. In many comparisons throughout time, some of the most severe food crises were all preceded by drought or by other similarly extreme weather events. These extremities result in poor and failed harvests which in turn results food scarcity and high prices of the available food. As mentioned in the Climate and Development Knowledge Network report entitled ‘Managing Climate Extremes and Disasters in the Agriculture Sectors: Lessons from the IPCC SREX Report’, such force of nature causes impacts which will include not only food insecurity, but changing productivity and livelihood patterns, economic losses, and impacts on the infrastructure. Besides that, the natural resource base for the poor and food-insecure is invariably narrow and, in many areas, fragile. With the exception of Uganda only 4 to 10 percent of the land area is classed as arable, and just a small area of land suitable for rainfed cultivation. The greatest numbers of poor people are concentrated in the arid and semi-arid ecosystems and on marginal land in the higher rainfall parts of the region. It has become axiomatic to say that poverty is one of the main causes of environmental degradation. This can be seen all too clearly in the farming of steep slopes, which takes place as an increasing population is forced to cultivate marginal land. The falling crop yields that characterize the marginal areas are a result of the loss of massive quantities of topsoil throughout the region, declining soil fertility as fallow systems are replaced by continuous cultivation, reductions in soil organic matter as manure is burnt for fuel, and shrinking holding sizes. However, the poor are also the most vulnerable to environmental degradation because they depend on he exploitation of common property resources for a greater share of their incomes than richer households do. In the rangelands, the evidence for long-term secular environmental degradation is ambiguous. The successive cyclical growth and decline of herds reflects cycles of rainfall and rangeland productivity, and is perfectly normal. As animals die in large numbers, the rangelands recover remarkably quickly. However, when there i s a major drop in the number of animals, the people who depend on them for their livelihoods also suffer. Development programmes that have sought to increase animal production on rangelands through water development and animal disease prevention have all too often failed to find, at the same time, sustainable ways of increasing animal nutrition, so the resulting increased numbers of animals may wreak havoc on the range itself. Many of the available freshwater resources are in river basins and lakes that extend beyond the boundaries of individual nations. Shared water resources include lakes Victoria, Albert, Edward, Kivu and Turkana and major rivers such as the Blue Nile, White Nile, Atbara, Awash and Shebele. The potential for developing irrigation from these sources is constrained by the problem of achieving agreement on sharing the resources and avoiding conflict. Although natural climatic factors have played their part in the process of desertification, in general, it is increased population and the related development of unsustainable production systems that have had most negative impact on the fragile natural resource base. Wood and manure have remained the main sources of domestic energy, even in urban centres. This situation has contributed to depleting the forest and range resources, resulting in an overall decrease in biomass and biodiversity, reduced water infiltration and increased runoff and soil erosion. These factors, which contribute to the impoverishment of ecosystems, have led to a vicious circle of environmental degradation, lower system resilience to erratic rainfall, decreased agricultural productivity and increased poverty and food insecurity. Not only that, the cause of food insecurity in these third world countries are also caused by the poor state of development and maintenance of roads and transport, energy sources and telecommunications in the marginal areas of countries in the Horn of Africa makes it difficult for these areas to become integrated into the national and regional economy. As with all other indicators of development, the countries of the region have some of the worst figures worldwide with respect to access to roads and water supply. A recent report suggests that, in terms of access to infrastructure, the gap between Africa and the rest of the world has widened over the past 15 years. The sparse road and communications network hampers emergency relief operations as well as the commercialization of the rural economy. The density of the road network in the countries of the region gives an idea of both how difficult it is to reach people in rural areas with services and the problems such people face in participating in the market economy. For example, in Ethiopia, every kilometre of road serves 72 km 2 and 3 000 people, compared with only 8 km 2 and 850 people in North Africa. Even after strenuous efforts by development agencies and NGOs, access to a clean water supply is still an unobtainable luxury for most rural inhabitants in the Horn. Piped systems are uncommon in rural areas and protected wells and hand pumps are the best that rural communities can expect. The burden of collecting water, as with so many other menial tasks, falls almost exclusively on women in the communities, who must spend many hours each day collecting water from unsafe sources. The statistics on access to water and sanitation reveal wide differences within the region. In three countries, namely Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia, only one-quarter of the population has access to safe water, and in two others (the Sudan and Uganda) the figure is less than 50 percent. Access to sanitation is as low as 13 percent and, except for Kenya, barely exceeds 50 percent anywhere. In addition to that, the indicators of access to social services in the countries that face the setback of food insecurity are also among the lowest in the world. While the average figures are bad enough, they mask fundamental inequalities in access to services within the region. Again, rural areas, especially remote, low-potential areas are the least well served. Nomadic and semi-nomadic pastoralists are the most difficult populations to provide services to and, consequently, they are invariably the ones with the poorest health services and least education. All these indicators, combined with malnutrition and poor access to safe water, have adverse consequences for productivity and for the long-term physical and cognitive development of people in the region. Also, let us not forget the fact that crop and plants as well face diseases. Diseases affecting livestock or crops can have devastating effects on food availability especially if there are no emergency back-up plans in place. For example, an epidemic of stem rust on wheat which was spreading across Africa and into Asia in 2007 caused major concern. A virulent wheat disease could destroy most of the world’s main wheat crops, leaving millions to starve. The fungus had spread from Africa to Iran and may already be in Pakistan. A different threat, on the other hand, has attacked the African continent’s second biggest crop; wheat. In 1999, 50 years since the last outbreak, a contemporary and virulent strain of stem rust attacked the Ugandan crops. Its spores then travelled to Ethiopia and Kenya, before appearing in Iran last year. The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nation (FAO) has given warning to six other countries in the Central and South Asia to be prepared and keep an eye for symptoms of this new strain while scientists in the United States of America are working diligently in searching for a resistant that combats this problem. It is important that the remedy for this will be obtained quickly as in India alone; more than 50 million small-scale farmers are at risk because they depend on wheat for their food and earnings. Most importantly, we must not overlook that politics and dictatorship also play a role in food insecurity. Many do not realise that politics play a part in something as serious as this. As mentioned by Nobel Prize-winning economist Amarya Sen, â€Å"There is no such thing as an apolitical food problem. It is more often than not that the administration of the country that determines its severity, or even whether the famine will occur. If truth be told, the 20th century is full of examples of governments undermining the food security of their own nations. Let us take a look at Nigeria, Africa’s most densely inhabited state, where a legacy of corrupted governance and an economy based primarily on oil exports has left the agriculture sector significantly undermined, leaving millions of N igerians in deep hunger. True, the neighbouring countries export food to Nigeria in exchange for money, but remember; the people in these neighbouring countries need food too. And they are much poorer than those living in Nigeria. It was reported by the United Nations that thousands of children in countries neighbouring Nigeria died because of malnutrition. These kids paid the price not because of food shortage in their country, but because of food shortage in Nigeria. The distribution of food is often a political issue in most countries. The government will always give priority to urban areas and cities, since most influential and powerful families and enterprises are located there. The ruling government over and over again for generations overlooks the subsistence farmers and rural areas in general. In other words, the more rural an area, the less likely the government will pay attention to solving its needs. Whats more is that the governments of these countries would normally keep the price of basic grain at extremely low levels that subsistence farmers cannot accumulate sufficient capital to make investments to improve their production. Hence, they are prevented from getting out of their precarious situation. In addition, food has always been a political arsenal by the dictators and warlords, where they reward their supporters and deny food supplies to those areas that are against them. Under this condition, food has become more like a currency instead of a basic need that cannot be denied rights of. Food has become the money to buy support and used against the opposition. Even in Guatemala, income inequality is amongst the worst in the world, with indigenous communities at a disadvantage. In some areas, an estimated 75 percent of the children, ranging from infants to children ages six and seven years old, are severely malnourished. And this is a shocking statistic relating food scarcity coming from a country that is merely a four-hour flight away from the USA. Furthermore, it was pointed out in William Bernstein’s 2004 publication entitled ‘The Birth of Plenty’ that individuals without property will lead to starvation and it is much easier to bend the fearful and the hungry to the will of the state. If a farmer’s property can be arbitrarily threatened by the state, that power will inevitably be used to intimidate those with different political and religious opinions. It is fundamental and crucial that we understand and be aware of the consequences of this global food scarcity. The effects might be similar to the effects of malnutrition and hunger, where, at the outset, the human population will be affected greatly in the sense where stunted growth may occur. The stunting starts in when the baby is still in the mother’s womb and happens till the age of three. Once stunting happens, giving proper nutrition to these helpless children will not help in reversing the damage or improving the child’s condition. Pregnant mothers who do not receive the correct amount of nutrition needed may risk of having a higher chance of infant and child mortality later on, which is, of course, a very heartbreaking circumstance. Apart from that, severe malnutrition during one’s early childhood also leads to defects in cognitive development. Stunted individuals also have a higher chance of getting diseases and illnesses as compared to those who have not experienced stunting. It must also come to the attention that food insecurity is also associated with various developmental consequences for children in the United States. A research was conducted by Diana F. Jyoti, Edward A. Frongillo, and Sonya J. Jones to prove that food insecurity is linked to specific developmental consequences for children, and whether these consequences may be both nutritional and nonnutritional.

The History Of The Transformational Leadership Education Essay

The History Of The Transformational Leadership Education Essay Theories of leadership, over decades have explored a wide variety of concepts. Much research has been undertaken keeping in mind the western society both relating to organizations as well as political and other leaders. There is a dearth of a systematic leadership study in regards to either organizations or political leadership in third world countries especially in Pakistan. Journalistic appraisals are commonly done but theoretical analysis is sorely missing. Also, not much work has been done to explore the concept of transformational leadership among politicians both here and abroad. This paper wishes in some way to minimize this lack. When reading about Bhuttos life, the easiest course of action would have been to view her from the perspective of traits or simply charisma. The paper explores the contemporary concept of transformational leadership with regards to Benazir Bhutto. Her assassination formed the motivational factor to conduct such a research particularly on a personalit y known nationally and internationally as a leader. In addition, quantitative small scale researches are usually conducted from time to time, but very little attention is given to qualitative/descriptive/documentary research. Four aspects of transformational leadership that were studied include idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration. Keywords: Transformational leadership, there are 4 main factors: idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration. 1. Introduction Leadership is not easy. It is never meant to be easy. It is born of a passion, and it is a commitment-a commitment to an idea, to principles, to fundamental human values. Benazir Bhutto 2. Transformational leadership: An overview The term though coined by Downton (1973), the concept first emerged with the work of Burns (1978) which linked the role between leadership and followership. This new theory of leadership had intensive interest for two reasons. Western companies, like ATT, IBM, GM, ventured into transformations and in the 1970s and 1980à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²s the business world became very much dynamic, more competitive and less stable. Fast technological changes, great international competition, commercial deregulation, too much capacity in capital intensive industries, unsteadiness of oil cartels, demographic labour changes etc., are some of the factors which brought to such a state (Stoner and Freeman, 1992). Second, leaderships theoretic base rested on the trait theory, behaviouristic theory of leaders and contingency theory of leadership which did not take into consideration untypical qualities of leaders which required a new leadership concept. Therefore the transformational theory of leadership gave forth a new dimension to leadership studies. Burns (1978) concept distinguished between two types of leadership, namely transactional and transformational. Transactional refers to the exchanges between leaders and followers, where as transformational is when the person engages with others and creates a connection which raises level of motivation in both the leader and the follower. Some of the examples of internationally known transformational leaders include Mahatma Ghandi, Nelson Mandela, Martin Luther King. One question that comes to mind is about leaders like Hitler who also transformed society? Can they also be called Transformational leaders? When people transform society in negative ways and do not raise level of morality in others, they are described as Pseudo transformational leaders. They are self consumed, power oriented and exploitative with warped moral values. There has been some research done on political leadership but the focus of these studies have usually been on just one aspect namely charisma (Bligh, Kohles and Meindl 2004 a&b; Emrich, Brower, Feldman and Garland, 2001; Mio, Riggio Levin and Reese, 2005; Seyranian and Bligh, 2007) and especially keeping in mind high profile leaders such as United States presidents (House, Spangler and Woycke, 1991). Most of such research has a quantitative analysis where the analysis may not overlook creative insights but also due to its frequent usage it is made to be more meaningful and most often words can be taken out of context. (Bligh et al., 2004b; Insch et al., 1997; Morris, 1994) 3. Transformational leadership of Bhutto This research on Bhutto will be assessed on four parameters of idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration which have been summed up as stated earlier. Each quality will first be individually analyzed and then compared to what journalists and others have stated on Bhuttos behalf. 3.1 Idealized influence According to this concept transformational leaders often serve as role models for their followers. The leaders are admired respected and trustedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦having extraordinary capabilities, persistence and determination (Bass and Riggio, 2006). Not only this, but leadership theory should also stress on incidents where a leader has exerted exceptional influence on their followers so as to obtain favourable results (Bass, 1985; Mumford, 2006). This concept of idealized influence is based on leadership that has a future oriented vision and provides meaning and direction to a particular cause (Bass, 1990; Shamir, House and Arthur, 1993). Recent research also gives emphasis on ideological leadership where leaders seek followers who believe in the goals and value systems that give emphasis on the prescriptive mental model being given (Mumford, 2006). A current research which examines three areas of leadership has ideological factor as one of the main components (Mumford, Antes, Caughro n Friedrich, 2008). Thus, keeping all these factors in mind the assessment of Bhutto as having idealized influence on her followers has been undertaken. 3.2 Inspirational motivation According to this concept transformational leaders motivate and inspire those around them by providing meaning and challenge to their followers work. (Bass and Riggio, 2006) Such leaders envisage a future goal, a shared vision which they want their followers to share and achieve with them. Apart from this, such leaders portray great charisma which allows them to bind their followers to themselves and lead them towards social change. This concept of charismatic leadership is also not a new but a much researched one. It is one of the way in which one can understand an aspect of effective leadership (Hughes, Ginnett and Curphy, 2003). As previously stated the concept was initially used by Weber (1947) to understand and describe the characteristics political religious and military leaders. Later the concept was expanded by others to give and different conceptualization of charismatic leadership (House, 1977; Sashkin,1988; Shamir, House and Arthur 1993) and also became a part of transform ational leadership in the theories of Bass and Avolio.(1994) Concept of charismatic leadership which becomes a part of the motivational factor has been studied. The concept of visionary charismatic leadership is very important especially in times of crises as indicated in the study of Hunt, Boal and Dodge (1999). Two further aspects came to the forefront with on the one hand followers prefer leaders who portray charisma in conditions of crises (Pillai and Meindl, 1998) and followers attributing self sacrificial behaviour of the leader under crisis conditions who were more likely to portray charisma (Halverson, Holladay, Kazama,and Quinoes (2004). Such studies portray the fact that stressful conditions do affect both the leader and the follower in how they are inspired and view charisma. Another aspect of inspirational motivation is to deal with how such leader appeal to their followers. Emotions of people are appealed to and self worth is enhanced (Emrich, Brower, Feldman and Garland, 2001; House, Spangler and Woyke, 1991) Bhuttos inspirational motivation can be analyzed into two areas, namely to motivate and empower others on a shared vision and her charisma. On the count of motivating others, many authors have given glowing tributes. Gordon Brown (2008) calls it a part of her legacy that women are empoweredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and would use her for future role models; Miliband (2008) and Schofield (2008) describe her commitment towards democracy as a motivating factor; Lamb (2008) recalls her spouse Zardari calling his wife the queen bee whose workers needed her alive to continue their struggle; Gopal (2008) realizes that Bhutto did inspire a generation both in life and in death to struggle for democracy; Prasannarajan (2008) states that despite threats she never shrank from her responsibility, took up challenges and made personal sacrifices for her vision and that such motivation is rarely seen; Baker (2008) sees the signing of the charter of democracy between two political opponents namely Bhutto and Sh arif as a factor to restore decent politics and cjoining hands on a common denominator; Chua-Eoan (2008) despite critical comments concedes that Bhutto both in life and death drew millions. remember her party official Babar Awan calling her beautiful that day, in all the ways that a woman like her -bright energetic bursting with ideas and hope-could look beautiful. Such charisma denotes why Bhutto had many staunch supporters. 3.3 Intellectual stimulation Such transformational leaders stimulate their followers efforts to be innovative and creative. Followers are encouraged to try out new ideas and such ideas are viewed in the light that a better solution to the problem may be realized. Followers are not criticized if their ideas are in any way different from the ideas of the leader (Bass and Riggio, 2006). This concept has been explained differently and in various contexts. Some call it as a quality of a pragmatic leader. Such a leader does require their workers to unite and work for common goals (Mumford and Van Doorn, 2001). In a recent study Mumford et al (2008) realized that for the emergence of pragmatic leaders there has to be a minimum level of group cohesion. Apart from this, the same study also indicated that pragmatic leaders may seek to minimize political conflict due to the detrimental effects of intense conflict on the effective application of complex problem solving skills. This factor is an important aspect of intellect ual stimulation as such a quality can harness together differing viewpoints and opinions even from the opposition. Emotionally intelligent leadership is also an attribute of great leadership (Goleman, 1995) Practical intelligence and the need to modify any environment to suit the situation is also what transformational leaders need to do. Another aspect of intellectual stimulation can be accessed through the lens of aesthetic perception. This recent qualitative study by Ladkin (2008), embodies and focuses on leading beautifully and will lead to a different direction for leadership studies in the future. Followers can get stimulated in a wide variety of ways. The power to arouse ones followers intellectually can have lasting effects. An example of it would be Obamas books being published before the election campaigns. 3.4 Individualized Consideration Once again transformational leaders pay attention to followers needs for achievement and growth by acting as a coach and mentor. New ways and opportunities of learning are evolved and individual desires and needs are seen to. The individual is regarded as a whole person rather than just an employee, and the task of the leader is to develop the followers. (Bass and Riggio, 2006) This aspect is seen under two areas. The first one is her immense kindness to others and her concern for them. Schofield (2008) speaks of her 33 year association with Bhutto and states that as a friend, she was kind and generous. Barak (2008) recalls his own incident of injury and her kindness to him which must have endeared her to people the world over. In a similar manner, Thapar (2008) too remembers Bhutto giving regular calls when his own wife was seriously ill. Lamb (2008) too speaks of Bhuttos hand written will which she had written prior to her death as how to dispose of her belongings with details of how even her shoes and clothes should be distributed among her employees.

First and Second Language Acquisition Essay -- Biology Essays Research

First and Second Language Acquisition In our everyday lives, the origin of our ability to communicate is usually not often taken into consideration. One doesn't think about how every person has, or rather had at one time, an innate ability to learn a language to total fluency without a conscious effort – a feat that is seen by the scientific community "as one of the many utterly unexplainable mysteries that beset us in our daily lives" (3).. Other such mysteries include our body's ability to pump blood and take in oxygen constantly seemingly without thought, and a new mother's ability to unconsciously raise her body temperature when her infant is placed on her chest. But a child's first language acquisition is different from these phenomena; different because it cannot be repeated. No matter how many languages are learned later in life, the rapidity and accuracy of the first acquisition can simply not be repeated. This mystery is most definitely why first language acquisition, and subsequently second language acqu isition, is such a highly researched topic. On the surface one would look at child first language acquisition and adult second language acquisition and see similarities. In each case the learner first learns how to make basic sounds, then words, phrases and sentences; and as this learning continues the sentences become more and more complex. However, when one looks at the outcomes of these two types of acquisition, the differences are dramatic. The child's ability to communicate in the target language far surpasses that of the adult. In this paper differences in these two processes that most always produce such different outcomes will be explored. Before this exploration begins, however, I would like to state ... ... learning. In conclusion, because of so many varying factors, both the processes and outcomes of child first language acquisition and adult second language acquisition are extremely different, and are only connected by a common goal. References 1)Comparing and Contrasting First and Second Language Acquisition http://www.literature.freeservers.com/image_polat/ccfsla.html 2)First and second language acquisition http://homepage.ntlworld.com/vivian.c/SLA/L1%20and%20L2.htm 3)First Language Acquisition http://www.csun.edu/~galasso/lang1.htm 4) Gass, Susan M., Larry Selinker. Second Language Acquisition. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 2001. 5)Reviewing First and Second Language Acquisition: A Comparisono between Young and Adult Learners http://www.nuis.ac.jp/~hadley/publication/languageacquisition_files/language/acquisition.htm

Andro & Steroids :: essays research papers

In the passed few years there has been an increase in the popularity of performance-enhancing supplements that are used by athletes. Some of the most popular of these supplements are creatine and androstenedione. They are used by some very famous athletes in professional sports. There are many problems that go along with using these supplements that are not only health-wise, but also the message that is being sent to children involved in youth athletics. Athletes today are not thinking of what kind effects will happen to them in the long run. However, they are looking for easier ways of training and enhancing their performance. They are under a great deal of pressure to succeed and win all the time that it must be easier to find a short cut to being an elite athlete. In this paper I will explore the risks with these supplements, some regulations that are placed on athletes to, and if they truly work. Also I will give an overview of what both creatine and androstenedione are.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For as long as I can remember I have been involved in athletics of all kinds and have always loved the atmosphere that sports provide. Being involved in both high school basketball and golf and now finally playing golf for Xavier, I have been subjected to rigorous training and conditioning. Never once did I have the aid of any type of artificial supplement or performance-enhancing drug helping me condition or build muscles faster. However, when I was in high school I was Griffith 2 aware of may guys who were taking these supplements such as creatine and androstenedione and getting very muscular, extremely fast. â€Å"Creatine and androstenedione† were common words used around the halls of my school. Hearing these words made me curious about what exactly they were, what the effects they had on athletes, and if they were illegal. I found it very interesting that these supplements were somehow all over the news and that some really famous athletes had used them. I wondered if they were safe to use and if they had any side effects. In researching this topic of artificial supplements and performance-enhancing drugs, I had many mixed feelings about how I felt about their use by athletes. However, after my research was completed I have a firm opinion that these supplements should be banned from athletics all together.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many questions came up during my research of these performance-enhancing supplements. Among one of my first questions was, â€Å"What exactly are creatine and androstenedione?† This and many of the other questions I had about the supplements

Emotional Survival Paper

All people experience stress, and for those in public safety, individual stressors can be compounded by a variety of factors. In addition to the stress employees experience at work, their personal life and support system are likely also contributing factors. Educating yourself to the signs, and symptoms caused by stress can help you manage your body’s physicological response. Police officers often receive harsh criticism from the media and scant graditude from the public they protect and serve. This is why burnout among law enforcement officers is so prevalent. Police have too much to do and not enough time to do their job.Crime and calls for police service are increasing incessantly, but resources and time to do the job are not increasing accordingly. Police officers must do impossible tasks and meet unrealistic deadlines in the worst of working conditions. Officers suffering burnout often don’t see the temporary nature of their feelings nor the need for support. A con crete way to prevent burnout is to set realistic goals for yourself. Seek people to whom you can talk, take care of yourself physically and mentally, get enough sleep, and leave the job precinct when your shift ends.Constructive and deconstructive behavior both can help you learn and gain experience while on the job. Constructive behavior has a balanced focus on organizational outcomes and the people who are going to deliver those outcomes. It is also focused on organizational and individual learning. Constructive behavior is based on realistic achievement and the belief that everyone’s effort makes a difference and mistakes are always seen as a learning opportunity. The individual grows and the organization prospers during this learning process, rather than squandering resources in misguided attempts to cover up mistakes.Constructive behavior also sees people acting with integrity, supporting each other and building well-balanced and effective relationships. This behavior re lies on personal power for influence rather than pure institutional power. On the other hand destructive behavior is the idea that sometimes people knowingly do things that can cause them to fail or bring trouble. Destructive behavior is any deliberate or intentional behavior that has clear, negative effects on the self or the self’s life. Destructive behavior is commonly found when people feel that others view them less favorably then the people desire.This behavior is done when a person literally and knowingly makes a trade-off in a situation. It is when a person chooses a certain option that has some benefit but also has the potential to cause harm to the person as well. Both constructive and destructive behaviors have potential to educate and justify different aspects on how to properly help you out with your career. The new officer can take the veterans destructive behavior has a learning ability. Law enforcement personnel, like all other human beings, form their worldvi ews and predictions about life from the situations and events they see every day.Hypervigilance is a biological state. Hypervigilance is the necessary manner of viewing the world from a threat-based perspective, having the mindset to see the events unfolding as potentially hazardous. The perceptual set of hypervigilance lets the officer have an increased awareness of all the data available in the environment. The affects of hypervigilance can be improved by becoming more socially involved. The desire for social encounters at home can help find themselves being more communicative.The willingness to engage in conversation or activities that are not police related and interaction with nonpolice friends and acquaintances can help with this process. If officers are going to survive ethical dilemmas they need to be as physically and mentally prepared as they would be for tactical encounters. Some of the potential problems that develop when working in law enforcement include the job consum es all your personal time which negatively impacts your family, your world view changes, increased rate of suicide, depression, isolation, and withdrawal from society.This makes it easy of officers to deny the negative aspects to justify continuing with their career. The first step to maintaining a healthy relationship with your family and friends is the ability to control activities, priorities, and schedules. It is important to have a strategy that permits to harness the available time in one’s life to accomplish whatever goals we choose to pursue. Life is about balance and Emotional Survival for Law Enforcement will help officers realize the importance of this balance.On duty the officer is alive, alert, energetic, involved and humorous. But off duty they are tired, detached, isolated, and apathetic. The officer crashes upon coming home relegated to sitting on the recliner with a beer as he withdraws into himself to the exclusion of his family, loved ones and friends. It i s important for all officers to know, early on, that overinvestment in their police career will eventually destroy their home life and family relationships. All the things and activities that you used to enjoy you no longer engage in.