What Led to the Collapse of Consensus - 1489 Words

WHAT LED TO THE COLLAPSE OF CONSENSUS? The 1950’s and early 1960’s was a time of consensus in the US. By the middle of the 60’s the US experienced a series of shocks which undermined consensus. The assassination of President Kennedy in Dallas in 1963. The differences in the civil rights movement. The escalation of the Vietnam War. All of these factors undermined American confidence to change the world and improve the country. By the late 60’s, US society was polarised: divided between different viewpoints: Youth culture; counter-culture, and multiculturism. The youth culture was created due to a baby boom in the 50’s and 60’s as this led to a large youth population. Most children stayed in school and university for longer. Most had†¦show more content†¦There was an increase in drunkenness and fighting. Movies were blamed, such as: Rebel without a Cause which starred James Dean. The Blackboard jungle featured rebellious students. Some blamed Rock ‘n’ Roll music. There was a fear of open revolt against society: â€Å"The gangster of tomorrow is the Elvis Presley of today†. These young people were actively working to bring down the consensus which had dominated the US for the past decade. This led to a sexual revolution. The was because of the greater freedom of the pill. The women;s movement and Supreme Court decision to make explicit books more availible. Movies also became more explicit. By the 1970’s the spreqda of benereal diseases and AIDs caused many young people to avoid casual relations. By the 80’s there an emphasis on virginity and celibacy. The dominant trends of independence, freedom, the consumer markey and wealth in youth culture remained. Pop music, fashion, smoking and drugs continued to be the expressions of youth cutlure. By now, the collaps of consensus was in full swing; the next development would be that of a counter-culture. Counter culture was the desire for an alternative. It grew because of the influence of the civlil right’s movement; the growing of the anti-war movement; the acceptance that everyone had rights. The increase on the university population from 16 million in 1960 to 25 million in 1970 helped also. Drugs had a dramatic effect. Perhaps the greatest pastor of counter-cultureShow MoreRelatedGlobal Financial Crisis : The Fall Of Lehman Brothers1250 Words   |  5 Pagescountries of the 2008 financial crisis. When the crisis escalated, a new short-term lending facility (SLF) was launched with an initial budget of $100 million to fund the economies of Brazil, Korea, Mexico and Singapore that were heavily damaged by the collapse (Truman, 2009). The creation of this program allowed these emerging economies to recover from the shock and sustain the other financial institutions in these countries. If the IMF did not adjust its borrowing arrangements, these countries may notRead MoreHow imp ortant are bees in our lives? 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Assigning each country fair targets was theRead MoreWhy The Prices On Your Local Gas Station Has Drop Dramatically?865 Words   |  4 Pagescompany’s desire to capture more value from the market by simply delaying its price communications. By all means, there was a saying of maturity in what the anonymous author proclaimed, â€Å"if you don t solve the problems from the your past they will follow you into your future† (Pinterest). Which histories has backgrounds contributing many problems or moral consensus of forgetting and forgiving. One the first occurrence, happened back in 1973, when Egyptian President Anwar convinced Saudi King Faisal to cutRead MoreRoman Republic And The Roman Empire1108 Words   |  5 PagesRepublic, one of the most famous republic in ancient time, established a form of government comprising three main parts: a few magistrates, a Senate, and several assemblies. 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Grass Fed Based Farms Free Essays

I’m sure that some still exist on these kinds of farms in many place . In grass fed farms there is a better quality of life for the animals and they get the chain CE to roam unlike the others where they might be consumed in a small little space and w loud have to sit there day after day. Why should a farmer go grass fed ? What are the benefits? When the animals are properly pastured, raising grass fed beef cattle on grass based farms are able to yield you more meat up to 200 pounds more, which could have less fat and c loud be provided at less cost than the commercial grain fed beef. We will write a custom essay sample on Grass Fed Based Farms or any similar topic only for you Order Now If the persons land p reduces ay or if they are able to keep cattle in the pasture for a good part of the year, they will be able to save money by growing their own feed and raising grass fed beef o n their farm which is a good benefit to not just there self. Think that grass fed farms sound like something I would do if I were trying to decide which farm to do. Pastures and organic parts of grass based farms are good things for farmers. In the pastures part of livestock it has benefits for the people who buy the prod cuts and for the ones who eat them, the farmers, and the animals along with the envier moment, I’m o grass based farmers provide their animals with as much pasture as they ca n because it helps everyone out. A long time ago originally all of the livestock were raised on pasture grass bas deed fed farms. But not all grass based farming is the same. A new method I found online was a method known as (managed intensive rotational grazing) (MIR) which is something that offers great benefits over both of the confinement and oldster e animal grass based grazing methods. In MIR, animals are moved from a field to anon there field based on the stage of the grass in the field. This is something that allows the rammer to avoid over growing the grass land, while making it able for livestock to go into the pasture. The cows and other farm animals known as cattle are used and born to eat grass, so that the grass fed pasture is used for them. The cattle are much heal their than the cattle fed in the industrialized grains that are kept in small fenced in areas inside mostly. There are environmental benefits of grass fed pasture based farming also. T lets the animals do the work and not the machines like in industrialized farms They harvest and feed themselves and fertilize their pastures, overseen by the far err In a closely monitored system that would be developed by the farmer. Overall the re is less fossil fuel consumption, less erosion, less air and water pollution and a much greater soil fertility percentage. When I did some research online, saw that compare d to plowed cropland, pasture can add up to a whole lot more tons of carbon dioxide De in the organic matter of soils. This is an something in the reduction of greenhouse g asses, which means that there would be increased amounts Of land for farmers. There are many different benefits to the farmer. The grass fed pasture based arming can let farmers free from the expensive tractors and machines used t o grow and harvest feed crops, and they don’t have the waste disposal and disease is sues that come with confinement feeding. Their farms become safer places for children to be around the animals and help with farm work. Pasture expert Bill Murphy obsess revs, â€Å"When they come to pasture farming, it is such a relief for farmers. They get RI d of all these problems: crop failure, pesticide failure, huge debt. Pasture manage NT is, in some ways, about old knowledge taken to a new level. At Organic farm lands, they want this to continue to grow. How to cite Grass Fed Based Farms, Papers

Technology Business and Social Perspectives

Question: Discuss about the Technology Business and Social Perspectives. Answer: Introduction: It is the responsibility of the software developer to design programs which can be accessed by different categories of clients. The software programs should be designed so that they can be accessed and used by large number of people. The blind or visually impaired clients are an integral part of the economy. Therefore, the software designers should develop software which can be easily used by the customers. The blind people do not have problem in using keyboards; however, they are incapable of using mouse or similar pointing device as they are unable to read information on the computer screen. The software program must be able to synchronize with the screen adapter or a braille display. The color blind people refer to those who are unable to intercept different colors. In order to design website, which can be accessed by the color blind people, the designers must use both colors and symbols to convey the message (Waddell et al., 2003). The business organizations all across the globe are trying to reduce their carbon footprint and contribute to the environmental sustainability. The ICT industry is uses energy, water and conflict materials and is a huge source of carbon dioxide and other toxic materials. The total emissions caused by the industry are due to the energy requirements of PCs, mobile telecommunication and the data centers (Unhelkar, 2010). The ICT can be made more eco-friendly and sustainable by reducing resource consumption and harmful emission. The IT industry can go green by using three steps, energy saving in hardware, energy saving in software and controlling the disposal. The companies should maximize the use of its current IT assets and use optimization techniques to reduce the power consumption in personal computers. In software, the companies can reduce energy consumption by converting physical servers to the virtual ones. The companies should also focus on responsible e-waste disposal and electr onic recycling to achieve green ICT (Chambers Humble, 2017). The project and processes are different from each other as the project refers to a temporary task whereas the process refers to a repetitive task. The goal of a project is to create something new or to implement a change whereas thee goal of process is to create value by repetitively performing a task. Building a computer on a production line of identical computers is a process as it is a repetitive task. Similarly, building a house as a series of identical houses all across Australia is also a process as it is a repetitive task. However, upgrading a computer from Windows 7 to Windows 10 is a project as it involves a new task. The individual has to learn new skill to upgrade the computer system. However, when the same process is repeated for a large number of computers, it becomes a process. Therefore, the upgrading of 120 computers from Windows 7 to Windows 10 is a process (Nokes, 2007). References Chambers, I., Humble, J. (2017). Plan for the Planet: A Business Plan for a Sustainable World. Routledge. Nokes. (2007). The Definitive Guide to Project Management. Pearson Education. Unhelkar, B. (2010). Handbook of Research on Green ICT: Technology, Business and Social Perspectives: Technology, Business and Social Perspectives. IGI Global. Waddell, C. et al. (2003). Constructing Accessible Web Sites. Apress.

Introduction to Business Law

Introduction Generally, statutes provide a mechanism for the legislature to ensure that citizens live and act within set legal boundaries. It thus follows that any interpretation of statutes has constitutional repercussions. Ostensibly, legal systems in the world can be classified into two general categories.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Business Law specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On one hand is the common law that has its origins in England while on the other hand is civil law which has its beginnings in Ancient Rome (Ahlstrom Bruton 2009). Civil law makes use of statutes as the main building blocks and relies heavily on legal scholars to interpret legislations by Parliament. Confusion may, however, result in the event that courts are not able to determine with absolute certainty what the intention of the legislators (Corcoran Bottomley 2005). In a system where powers are separated, the st atutory interpreter is usually different from those charged with the responsibility of enacting the statutes. Often, the interpreter is the judge while those enacting are legislators. Considering that differences in perspectives are very common, dynamic interpretation may be experienced time and again. Ostensibly, statutory interpretation is a vital judicial tool that has been used by judges for many years to safeguard basic rights in the common law. Seemingly, the different stages involved in the creation of a statute often ensure that errors are addressed in good time (Kafaltiya 2008, p. 108). Customarily, judges use different strategies when interpreting statutes. No guidelines exist and there is no commonly accepted standard of interpretation. This notwithstanding, there are basic principles that must be adhered to by judges as they interpret legislations. According to Sadurski (2002, p. 67), courts sometimes make efforts to interpret legislations in a way that is consistent wit h human rights. In some situations, legislatures endorse customs that may be used by courts during interpretation. Powers Available to Courts in Connection with Statutory Interpretation In England and Wales, the interpretation of statutes is a privilege accorded to courts and tribunals. A team of highly skilled people is charged with the responsibility of drafting statutes on behalf of the legislature before they can be passed to the courts for interpretation. However, there are challenges that result from the fact that those who draft the statutes may not be able to address every possible situation that may be encountered at a later time (Adams 2012, p. 23). It is also possible that the process may be so rushed to an extent of leaving out important details in a given legislation. As stated earlier, the principles that govern statutory interpretation are not well organized and the whole process of interpretation is largely controlled by the common law. Allegedly, this creates room f or any new developments to be undertaken by courts in order to deal with new problems as they arise. As a result, it is assumed that statutes provide a clear indication of what judges actually mean (Adams 2012, p. 57). Judges provide interpretations based on what is presented to them and as such meet the expectations of the legislators.Advertising Looking for essay on business corporate law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Evidently, judges are not allowed to rewrite any statutes and are required exercise their powers in a modest manner. There are, however, some cases where a judge may not be able to tell what the intentions of the legislators are. The language used by Parliament may, for example, lead to a situation where judges give an interpretation that is totally different from what was originally meant. To understand the intentions of Parliament and thus avoid the language confusion, it is advisable for the court to rea d the entire statute and give the correct meaning to every word in it. The limited class rule is sometimes used to provide a general interpretation of a word. As the courts are simply required to interpret and not re-write legislations, it is impossible for the judges to fill up any gaps left by the legislative body. Courts may, however, overcome such challenges by carefully interpreting legislations. According to Sarat (2008, p. 251), it is absolutely impossible to come up with a statute that covers all possible issues that may be encountered in relation to it. As a result, courts may be faced with serious challenges when conditions change. Since courts can not fill legislation gaps, they are limited to determining whether a statute is applicable in a case where circumstances are deemed to have changed. The courts may also be allowed to take into consideration the deliberations of the legislators prior to passing a Bill. Reference to such deliberations during statutory interpretati ons was, however, not allowed in England and Wales until 1993. Regrettably, there are limitations to this strategy as it may not be applicable in situations where it can be determined that conditions have changed drastically. According to Amar (2012, p. 341), the limitation imposed on courts regarding the application of statutes in changed circumstances is largely responsible for the delays experienced in dealing with such cases. It is thus imperative to establish mechanisms of speeding up the process. Engagement of Judicial Precedent with Statutory Interpretation A precedent may be defined as a past event. Legally, it serves as an important guide for judges. Judicial precedent is a vital part of the common law system according to which a judge is required to make a ruling on a case guided by an earlier decision in a similar case. Under the common law system, legal precedent plays a big role and judges have the freedom to interpret a law and provide a basis on which future cases may be heard and decided (Ahlstrom Bruton 2009). In comparison to other countries, the legal system in the United Kingdom follows the requirements of judicial precedent very strictly. Practically, lower courts are required to abide by a past ruling of a superior court in interpreting statutes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Business Law specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The appellate court on the other hand is expected to abide by its past rulings in similar cases. Arguably, the doctrine of judicial precedent provides for either binding or persuasive precedent. While binding precedent is mandatory and must be adhered to by lower level courts, persuasive precedent serves as an important guide for judges when deciding on similar cases. Apparently, questions about judicial precedent tend to concentrate more on the way the doctrine works or operates. To a large extent, the fact that cases may be consid ered retrospectively implies that judges have the flexibility to use judicial precedent to interpret statutes (Mitchell Dadhania 2003). In the event that a judge comes across a case where a relevant previous ruling made by the court exists, the judge has four possibilities. He or she may follow the earlier judgment if it is clear that the facts in the current and previous case are similar, make a distinction if it is established that the facts are completely different, overrule the earlier decision in case there is a disagreement with the decision arrived at by a lower court, or reverse the previous ruling by a lower court if an appeal is made and the higher court can determine that the lower court failed to interpret the law correctly. There are several advantages that may be associated with the application of judicial precedent in statutory interpretation (Schyff 2010, p. 51). First, there is consistency in the application of the law and this provides a sense of equality and just ice. Secondly, there is certainty considering that many cases exist that have been dealt with before and this enables lawyers to advice their clients with confidence. Finally, the options made available to judges create room for fair application and further development of the law. There are, however, some difficulties associated with the use of judicial precedent in statutory interpretation. First, the use of judicial precedent is quite rigid and limits judicial discretion. There is also a danger of slowing down the judicial process as judges are expected to spend quite some time perusing previous cases. It may also lead to the creation of illogical distinctions by judges who may not be willing to follow an existing precedent. Finally, the court has no choice but to rely upon a suitable case where changes to the law have to be made. Conclusion As has been explained in this paper, statutory interpretation is a vital tool for preserving fundamental rights that affect our day to day li ves. While judges have the leeway to interpret legislations as they see fit, they can only do so within certain limits. In the event that powers are separated, there is a danger that the legislations may be poorly interpreted. Whilst many options exist for interpreting statutes, the most commonly used is judicial precedent. As a source of law, judicial precedent allows judges to make reference to past judgments and apply the reasoning used if circumstances of the cases involved are similar.Advertising Looking for essay on business corporate law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reference List Adams, A 2012, Law for Business Students, Pearson Publishing, Edinburgh Way, Harlow. Ahlstrom, D Bruton, G 2009, International Management: Strategy and Culture in the Emerging World, Cengage Learning, Mason, OH. Amar, AR 2012, America’s Unwritten Constitution: The Precedents and Principles We Live by, Basic Books, New York. Corcoran, S Bottomley, S 2005, Interpreting Statutes, Federation Press, Sydney, Australia. Kafaltiya, AB 2008, Interpretation of Statutes, Universal Law Publishing, New Delhi. Mitchell, AR Dadhania, M 2003, As Level Law, Psychology Press, Hove, United Kingdom. Sadurski, W 2002, Constitutional Justice, East and West: Democratic Legitimacy and Constitutional Courts in Post-Communist Europe in a Comparative Perspective, Kluwer Law International, The Hague, Netherlands. Sarat, A 2008, Constitutional Politics in a Conservative Era, Emerald Group Publishing, West Yorkshire, UK. Schyff, G 2010, Judicial Review of Legislation: A Comparative Study of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and South Africa, Springer, New York. This essay on Introduction to Business Law was written and submitted by user Sonny E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

7 money habits to master in your 20s

7 money habits to master in your 20s It’s never too early to start making smarter financial decisions. With any luck, you’ve already begun a good fiscal regime for yourself in your twenties and are now cultivating the good habits you’ll need to be solvent as you progress in your life and your career. If you haven’t begun yet and are nearing your thirtieth  birthday, it’s not too late to start. Begin by folding some or all of the following 7 practices into your life- your future self will thank you for it. 1. Create a budgeting plan.You may have gone to the trouble of drawing up a budget or downloading an app to help you keep on the financial straight and narrow, but that won’t do any good if you don’t actually use them. Use the tool that you like the best to make sure you’re not spending more than you’re earning. Part of your budget should include a set minimum of earnings you’re confident you can squirrel away every month.2. Pay down debt.The avera ge American grad owes over $37,000 in student loans and the average household owes over $8,000 on their credit cards, so don’t feel alone if you’ve accumulated some debt. Just make a point of paying it down as aggressively and early as possible to avoid paying twice the original amount later in life. This will likely take a fair share of effort and a whole lot of self-control. You might have to skip drinks out, scale back on your vacations, or even getting a second job, but in the end you’ll be glad you didn’t put off paying off your debt.3. Don’t blow every paycheck.It’s hard when rent and bills knock your paycheck down to almost nothing, but you must resist the urge to think of the remainder as fun money. Try to boil your necessities down to a small number and put the rest away in savings. If you can start saving 10% of every check now, you’ll be golden. Remember, you’re saving for the long term.4. Cook for yourself.If you su ccumb to the lure of take-out lunches or dinners more than one or two times a week, you’re spending a ton of unnecessary cash. Add the costs of your restaurant meals one week and take a good hard look at the total.  Part of budgeting involves allotting a weekly amount to spend on food. If your dining out costs exceed a sensible weekly total, you’ll need to cut back. Your dollar will stretch much further when you cook for yourself with fresh, whole foods: think vegetables, grains, pasta, and beans.5. Splurge on the items that matter.There are plenty of things you will want to go budget on, but there are some items for which you really should pay a bit extra. Purchasing a cheap piece of furniture may seem like a smart move- until it falls apart in a year or two and you end up having to spend even more on a replacement. Shopping for quality will likely save you money in the long run, so look for furniture that won’t fall apart, energy-saving appliances you wonâ⠂¬â„¢t have to replace or pay extra for on your utility bill, and a car that won’t conk out after a year.6. Save for retirement.You should have long-term monetary goals for savings and growth. If you don’t, come up with some. Talk to a financial planner or open a money market account. And don’t forget to start putting away the maximum amount possible every year towards your retirement as soon as you have that flexibility. For most people, the times of sticking with a company for 25 years and getting a pension are long gone. You’ll have to look out for yourself.7. Be happy where you are.Coveting other people’s shiny things or fancy houses can lead to unrealistic goals and cause you to spend money on things you don’t really need. If you spend your hard-earned money on things beyond your means to keep up with an unattainable image, you’ll end up broke and unhappy. Create your own ideals, and know that it might take many, many years to re ach them. And that’s okay! You never know how friends with fabulous Instagram lives get their money- don’t assume that you’re behind if you don’t match up. Keep your eyes on your own life and financial journey.

Bhavnath Temple Case Study

R. D. Introduction: The case is all about an increasing irrigation facilities after independence but there was certain problems with the removing location of BHAVNATH TEMPLE which is between the dam and people don’t want to change place of temple with that there are some other issue also there. After independence in 1947, the both central state government want overall economic development. In undivided Bombay province a proposal given to build dam on river. It calculated 4700 million cu. ft. Water to develop 92000 acre of land, In 3 district. To do that 8 villages are totally submerged and resettled at other place. This all require to providing new livelihood to people. The reservoir was to have catchments area of 230 sq. miles. The average rainfall was 34†. In this 1 plan the F. S. L. , was 592 H. F. L. was 596 and R. L. was 601. Directed irrigable area was 19300 acres and the indirect irrigation flow to some 73600acre. It yields 15. 83 lacks revenue per year. Agricultural production increase as 30400 tons. It was 147. 74 lacks. This project was fully feasible in the eyes of government. If plan 1 was accepted than temple was saved by using gates to save from flood. After making 1 proposal government made 2 proposal. In that, if all of three levels rose so that ultimate capacity raise to 1000 million cu. Ft. in that F. S. L. 595 H. F. L. 606. By doing this the agricultural production increasing and irrigation facilities provide to larger areas. But in 2 plan temple could not be saved but people remained adamant in there demand. IN 1960 state of Bombay bifurcated and now Gujarat PWD department began to think about reopened the plan again. They find this scheme was good for development. The problem is that what should do to become success of this plan. Objectives: †¢ To build the dam, †¢ To increase agricultural production, †¢ Do ultimate overall development Problems: †¢ Temple get submerged, †¢ Religious sentiments, †¢ Opposition by villagers †¢ People get displaced. Constraints: †¢ Location of dam †¢ Religious sentiment can’t be changed. Criteria: †¢ Cost should be minimized †¢ Maximum returns †¢ Minimum people affected †¢ Minimum time in implementation Alternatives: †¢ Plan 1 if no plan 2 †¢ Resettlement of affected people †¢ Wall around the temple Help from religious leader †¢ Convincing people about benefit †¢ Raising the height of temple Suggestion: From all above alternative we compare it with objectives, problem, and criteria we can suggest that to succeeding this scheme government should increasing level of temple by above than flood level with using good construction peeler so ultimately height of temple raised and they saved from flood. By doing so peoples are permit to build dam on river. Contingency plan: If it is not possible to build temple by construction of piller then take help from the religious leader. THANK YOU Bhavnath Temple Case Study R. D. Introduction: The case is all about an increasing irrigation facilities after independence but there was certain problems with the removing location of BHAVNATH TEMPLE which is between the dam and people don’t want to change place of temple with that there are some other issue also there. After independence in 1947, the both central state government want overall economic development. In undivided Bombay province a proposal given to build dam on river. It calculated 4700 million cu. ft. Water to develop 92000 acre of land, In 3 district. To do that 8 villages are totally submerged and resettled at other place. This all require to providing new livelihood to people. The reservoir was to have catchments area of 230 sq. miles. The average rainfall was 34†. In this 1 plan the F. S. L. , was 592 H. F. L. was 596 and R. L. was 601. Directed irrigable area was 19300 acres and the indirect irrigation flow to some 73600acre. It yields 15. 83 lacks revenue per year. Agricultural production increase as 30400 tons. It was 147. 74 lacks. This project was fully feasible in the eyes of government. If plan 1 was accepted than temple was saved by using gates to save from flood. After making 1 proposal government made 2 proposal. In that, if all of three levels rose so that ultimate capacity raise to 1000 million cu. Ft. in that F. S. L. 595 H. F. L. 606. By doing this the agricultural production increasing and irrigation facilities provide to larger areas. But in 2 plan temple could not be saved but people remained adamant in there demand. IN 1960 state of Bombay bifurcated and now Gujarat PWD department began to think about reopened the plan again. They find this scheme was good for development. The problem is that what should do to become success of this plan. Objectives: †¢ To build the dam, †¢ To increase agricultural production, †¢ Do ultimate overall development Problems: †¢ Temple get submerged, †¢ Religious sentiments, †¢ Opposition by villagers †¢ People get displaced. Constraints: †¢ Location of dam †¢ Religious sentiment can’t be changed. Criteria: †¢ Cost should be minimized †¢ Maximum returns †¢ Minimum people affected †¢ Minimum time in implementation Alternatives: †¢ Plan 1 if no plan 2 †¢ Resettlement of affected people †¢ Wall around the temple Help from religious leader †¢ Convincing people about benefit †¢ Raising the height of temple Suggestion: From all above alternative we compare it with objectives, problem, and criteria we can suggest that to succeeding this scheme government should increasing level of temple by above than flood level with using good construction peeler so ultimately height of temple raised and they saved from flood. By doing so peoples are permit to build dam on river. Contingency plan: If it is not possible to build temple by construction of piller then take help from the religious leader. THANK YOU

Public Policy essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Public Policy - Essay Example of Afro Americans especially in America where slavery was rife were denied the right to equality and they suffered a heavy deal under oppressive systems that existed during those years. In a protracted struggle to fight slavery in America, various movements were established and among them was the â€Å"Civil Rights Movement† which referred to an extended period of American history in which African Americans struggled to become free of the tyranny of slavery where they also fought for equal opportunity and the protection of the civil rights guaranteed through the United States Constitution (Lovino 2008). Though the civil rights were guaranteed by the constitution, Afro Americans who were still under slavery unfortunately were still struggling to realise their rights. The movements for rights became rife around the late 1960s, a period which witnessed the passing of many laws supporting civil rights by the Congress and there was a shift in the ideology of Americans and racial politics in America (Boyer, 2001). Thus, according to the historical background of the fight for civil rights outlined above, a broad definition can be implied to sum up what civil rights are for the purpose of easier understanding. According to Cornel University Law School (2009), â€Å"a civil right is an enforceable right or privilege, which if interfered with by another gives rise to an action for injury. There are quite a number of examples of civil rights and they include the following: freedom of speech, press, and assembly; the right to vote; freedom from involuntary servitude; and the right to equality in public places.† On the other hand, Bodenhamer J. D. & Ely J.W. (1993) posit to the effect that discrimination occurs when the civil rights of an individual are denied or infringed on the basis of racial inequality caused by class structures. It can be noted that various statutes have been enacted to prevent discrimination in different countries as well as promote other civil rights

Black Feminism and The Beyonce Wars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Black Feminism and The Beyonce Wars - Essay Example The first article ‘Ugly Internal Clash: Why Its Future Is Not Up To White Women’ talks about feminism especially for black women and how they can form a gender inclusive group to deal with racism, sexual harassment, and work discrimination against women. The article provides a name that helps women to describe the issues they go through during discrimination Brittney (Cooper 2015). Feminism is the name, and it helps many women to discuss their issues without language challenges. Black women use the internet feminism to air their troubles and discuss the discrimination that they experience. The women also express their power through it phenomena that make the white women extremely uncomfortable. The writers opinion is that the future of feminism should not be left with the white women as most of the issues center around gender equality. For white women, equality was achieved a long time ago, but for the black women, it is still a big issue. Most of the black women in the US do not fully access some of the benefits, such as the Obamacare in some states (Cooper 2015). Understanding feminist and black women oppression will help women fight for their rights in foreign countries, such s the United States. The second article ‘Black Feminist Blogger Speaks The Truth by Goldstein, Rich talks about how important issues contributed by black women in the media get ignored by many readers and viewers. The writer focuses on blogs on issues of life for black women instead of focusing on wealthy and glamorous women in power (Goldstein 2015). According to the blog, there are many interesting things about black women, such as their unique talents, although there are few people who recognize them. Racism is real and classifies women according to their place of origin, and the blog help many to have some attention on racism, sexism, and ableism. The writer admires the work of Beyonce for focusing on feminism, especially the one touching on black women. Black women

English the Crucible Essay Example for Free

English the Crucible Essay The definition of a crucible is a place or situation in which concentrated forces interact to cause or influence change or development. This applies to Arthur Miller’s The Crucible in the fact that the small town of Salem, Massachusetts is changed dramatically when a girl and her friends make accusations against people for practicing witchcraft. Many individuals such as Reverend Hale, Mary Warren, John Proctor, and Elizabeth Proctor were also changed through a series of events. Yet there were some people who did not change, even after what they went through. Examples of these people are: Parris, Abigail, Deputy Governor Dansforth, and Judge Hathorne. Of all these characters, the individuals that should definitely be examined in deeper detail as to whether or not they changed are Abigail Williams, Reverend Hale, and John Proctor. The first of these poor souls is Abigail Williams. Towards the beginning of the play she was prideful, yet fearful that her name would be ruined if people found out about her and John Proctor’s affair. She truly shows this feature when she is in Betty’s room and Abigail says in a temper, â€Å"My name is good in the village! I will not have it said my name is spoiled! Goody Proctor is a gossiping liar! † (Miller pg. 12) Abigail remains the same person throughout the entire play, all she wants is John Proctor and all those who could ruin her name dead. This clearly is seen Abigail confronts Proctor in the woods, and she warns him that she will have his wife arrested and charged with witchcraft if he does not go with her. Poor Abigail Williams did not learn or change at all throughout the entire course of events that occurred. Another unfortunate character is that of Reverend Hale. In the beginning he is just another conformed preacher who believes the girls accusations of witchcraft in the town. This is clearly witnessed when he is trying to rid Betty of the devil, asks the girls who was with the devil when they saw him. Then the girls started rambling off names of people in the town and Hale believed them. Later in the play, Reverend Hale changes his mind; he goes from believing the girls to not trusting them. This is evident when they accuse John Proctor of witchcraft, and Reverend Hale tries to stop the court from arresting him. At the end of the play Reverend Hale went from a conformed preacher to a free thinking man who can see through the girls’ lies of witchcraft. Reverend hale has without a doubt turned his views for the better. The last of the unlucky people, is John Proctor. He was, in the earlier scenes, a quieter, sort of a stand-offish type of person. This is seen when he comes to town only to get his servant, Mary Warren, and doesn’t really speak to anyone. Later in the play he starts to change his attitude to more of an assertive and forceful person when his wife is taken when she is accused of witchcraft. It is clearly seen when he goes to the court house to testify, with Marry Warren, against Abigail Williams and the other girls, to prove that they were lying the entire time about the whole witchcraft finger pointing. The piteous Mr. Proctor may have changed, but not as much as he could have. Throughout this entire book many characters changed and many others have not. Overall, Reverend Hale appears to be the character that changed the most. This is so because he started out as conformed to society in the sense of believing that those accused where actual witches or warlocks. Later though, he did change his thinking and did start to believe people like John Proctor who knew that the girls were lying about all of the accusations of witchcraft and wizardry. All in all, Reverend Hale is that only character that changed the most overall throughout the entire play.

Eating Disorders: A Feminist Issue Essay -- Health Bulimia Anorexia Fe

Eating Disorders: A Feminist Issue What is a feminist approach to understanding eating disorders? Not all feminists have the same understanding of eating disorders. There are many different theories that are prevalent in feminist literature today. This web page will explore some of the different feminist perspectives about the cause of eating disorders in our culture. Power Control and obedience In her book Unbearable Weight, Susan Bordo (1993) makes the argument that the fear of women's fat is actually a fear of women's power. Thus, as women gain power in society, their bodies dwindle and suffer. She states that "female hunger--for public power, for independence, for sexual gratification-- [must] be contained, and the public space that women be allowed to take up be circumscribed, limited... On the body of the anorexic woman such rules are grimly and deeply etched" (Bordo, 171). Naomi Wolf (1991) has a similar explanation of the origin of eating disorders in her bestseller The Beauty Myth. She states: "a cultural fixation on female thinness is not an obsession about female beauty but an obsession about female obedience" (Wolf, 187). Women who remain thin are being obedient; it is another way for patriarchy to control women. "If women cannot eat the same food as men, we cannot experience equal status in the community" (Wolf, 189). Sexuality Sexuality is another issue that feminist Naomi Wolf explores in an effort to understand the prevalence of eating disorders among women. "Fat is sexual in women. . . to ask women to become unnaturally thin is to ask them to relinquish their sexuality" (Wolf, 193). Women who develop eating disorders, especially anorexia, are denying their sexuality and natural female b... ... disordered attitudes and behaviors. Psvchology of Women Quarteriv. 2-0, 2. Goodman, Ellen. (1996). The skeleton look is in fashion. The Tennessean. June 1 1. Mahowald., Mary Betody. (1995). To be or not to be a woman: anorexia nervosa, normative gender roles, and feminism. Nagging Questions. Ed. Dana E. Bushnell. Boston: Rowman Er Littlefield. Martz, D. M., Handley, K. B. Er Eisler, R. M. (1995). The Relationship between feminine gender role stress, body image, and eating disorders. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 19, 4. Morris, B. J. (1985). The phenomena of anorexia nervosa: a feminist perspective. Feminist Issues, 5, 2. Orbach, Susie. (1978) Fat Is A Feminist Issue. New York: Berkeley Press. Swartz, L. (1985). Is thin a feminist issue? Women's Studies International Forum, 8. 5. Wolf, Naomi. (1991). The Beauty Myth. NewYork: Doubleday.

Taking Mobile Computing to the Skies While Keeping the Mobile Workforce Connected

1. Are many of Lufthansa’s challenges identifies in the case similar to those being experienced by other businesses in today’s global economy? Explain and provide some examples?While the specifics of each challenge are particular to Lufthansa’s situation, many are shared by other global organizations. Examples could include: Provide a mobile workforce with equipment that fits their needs while it does not get in the way of accomplishing their objectives (not only technical specifications, but also upgrades and updates, stability, etc) Distribute training and other non-directly value-adding activities during non-productive periods both to maximize efficiency and reduce downtime.Provide adequate support to mobile operations while keeping a tight lid on cost and being able to justify the investment. Redefine processes to accommodate new mobile technologies and needs of a distributed workforce – including communication, meeting and decision making practices2. What other tangible and intangible benefits, beyond those identified by Lufthansa, might a mobile workforce enjoy as a result of deploying mobile technologies. Explain.Examples could include: Increased, all-around, communication, both with the organization and with personal relationships (family, friends, etc). Especially important for a highly mobile workforce such as airline pilots. Remote access to corporate applications, important since increasingly more of the employee’s interaction is self-managed (payroll systems, expense reports, etc.). More productive time spent at customer locations and streamlined order taking and processing.Ability to timely collect and report data on the competitive environment, both for the own organization and competitors (prices, volume, advertising, etc)

Childrens Right to Access the Internet Essay

Before I start I have a question to put to the audience, please raise your hand if you think that parents should prohibit children’s access to the Internet. I am a firm believer in the right of children to have generous access to the Internet. †Copywriter†, her username on warriorforum.com used to be one of those single – home alone mums who had two children to look after and also had to work full time as a nurse. She barely made enough money to feed the children every day and spent next to no time with her 11 year old boy and 6-year-old daughter. She was desperate. One ordinary day – when everything began to change – she found an ad saying â€Å" Earn money online†, intrigued copywriter went to check it out. Now she is a full time blogger after creating 6 successful blogs, which enables her to stay home and talk with her children and never have to worry about a meal at dinner. She has traveled the world and experienced things she never would have without the income from her blogs. Children nowadays (generation Z) are born into a world surrounded with the Internet and technology, unlike their generation X parents for whom the Internet is not as integrated into their life. By taking away their right to Internet, you are depriving them of the many opportunities to learn skills and gain knowledge on the web. People have argued that children should not have free access to the Internet. This is a problem. For example, Knowledge websites such as Wikipedia have replaced the traditional encyclopedias even to the extent that Encyclopedia Britannica has gone out of business. The web has become a key source of information. The Internet holds a vast range of tutorials available at no cost on a raft of subjects. I myself learnt a series of card tricks that are sure to amaze! Many parents do not seem to grasp this technological world we live in – this is a problem. Software developers, program coders and server hosts are among the top 10 most sought out jobs in 2012. These skills were all learned through access to the Internet and when started at a young age the people became experts very quickly. The Internet itself is a medium through which various businesses can be marketed. The techniques involved require an in depth understanding of the Internet itself as a medium, in order to be successful. Many parents do not seem to know this – this is a problem This leads me on very well on to my next topic, that of the benefits of social media. It is a tragedy that in this day and age some parents deny their children a Facebook account even past the age restriction of 13. Facebook is a social network for socializing and keeping in touch with friends across the world. Believe me, it’s a lot cheaper than international phone calls. I myself use Facebook and often check with other classmates on school related topics such as;’ what P.E subject do we have tomorrow.’ Some parents do not seem to understand this – this too is a problem. A core tenet of democracy is freedom of speech. If a parent bans my access to the Internet, are they not infringing my right to freedom of speech? The Internet is a key medium through which I express my opinions these days. Here we have a big problem! Yeah, so what’s the solution? It would be remiss of me not to point out that there are certain dangers involved with the Internet. By this I mean pornography or extreme violence. Therefore I understand the genuine concern that parents have for their children’s safety. One solution for this is to utilize censoring programs such as Net nanny to protect younger children. However the ultimate solution relies in teaching children to â€Å"self-censor† By entrusting them you give them responsibility which is ultimately more effective than restricting something and thus increasing their desire. For example, would you not rather your child learn to drink safely at home rather than underage in a pub with a bunch of strangers? My parents for example, have trusted me and therefore given me full access to the Internet, which I have not misused. In fact in my spare time I run a server, which employs 30 staff all around the world that earns me roughly 2500$ dollars a month. Therefore on balance I firmly believe parents should allow children to access the Internet to a degree suitable for their age. Now please raise your hands if you think parents should prohibit children’s access to the Internet.. Quod erat demonstrandum or in other words I rest my case.

THE JURASSIC PERIOD essays

THE JURASSIC PERIOD essays The Jurassic Period took place about 210 million years ago. It went on for about 70 million years. The Jurassic Period was one of periods in the Mesozoic The life forms that were present during the Jurassic Period were not all of the life forms in Jurassic Park. The Tyrannosaurus rex and Tricerastops had not evolved until after the Jurassic Period. During the Jurassic Period the largest land animals of all were around. These giant animals were known as sauropods. The Diplodocus, the Brachiosaurus, and the Apatosaurus were all saouropods that were around during the Jurassic Period. There were also some rodents, no larger than rats, that roamed in the foliage, and were a number of the early mammals. They all were herbivorous and ate the lush vegetation that grew in their surroundings. Other herbivorous were the stegosaurus that had plates on its back that were used as protection from carnivores. The predators during the Jurassic Period were small but horrifying carnosaurs, like Allosaurus, and Dilophosaurus. The fast coelurosaurs were deadly but tiny. They traveled in packs and scavenged. The Jurassic also had some of the first birds. The Archaeopteryx was supposedly a The sea was also full of life. Some of the ocean life consisted of the ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, and crocodiles that were much larger than they are today. There were also were modern looking sharks and Rays that were the same size and had similar characteristics. Also there were larger squids, octopus, and nautilus of the present. Ammonites with their coiled external shells were also some of the life in the sea during the Jurassic Period. dinoflagellates and coccolithophorids were microscopic single celled organisms that lived in the The Jurassic Period also had an abundant source of vegetation. The floras ...

Affirmative Action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Affirmative Action - Essay Example The United States Department of Labor has implemented the affirmative action in a number of ways that include but are not limited to targeted recruitment, employee support programs, outreach campaigns, and management development. The American society has conventionally suffered a lot from racism and discrimination. There is a strong need to make such public organizations as the health care organizations, universities and the police increasingly representative of the needs of the respective populations that they cater for. Affirmative action has conventionally been subjected to a lot of debate and controversy. Policies implemented in the name of affirmative action including the gender quotas and the racial quotas for admission in the colleges in the USA have been identified as measures to promote reverse discrimination. Accordingly, the majority in the American constitution has rendered the implementation of these actions as unconstitutional. This paper supports the affirmative action because it is a way of increasing diversity in the American society at all levels, eradication of disparity in the earnings of people based on gender, and enhancement of the literacy rate of minorities in the USA. There is dire need of the affirmative action in the American society for the creation of diversity. ... John Stuart Mill asserted that the University intends to create diversity by providing people with frequent opportunities of interaction with people who differ from them. Diversity of students in terms of race, ethnicity, religion and culture is conducive for the development of a healthy educational environment in the schools and universities as it allows students to remove their differences and enhance their understanding of one another’s culture. This is particularly beneficial for the studies of sociology and psychology as students get to look at things from a wider perspective. Patricia Gurin who is the professor of psychology at the University of Miuchigan says that students in a diverse educational setting gain better learning and their tendency to play an active part in the democratic and pluralistic society after the end of their studies is enhanced. Therefore, affirmative action is the need of universities in America. Critics see diversity as a cause of dysfunctional conflicts among the organizational personnel. However, this is a very pessimistic and extremely biased assessment of the impacts of diversity upon the organizational culture. Although there is some possibility of arise of dysfunctional conflicts among the organizational personnel because of their cultural differences, yet this problem can be tackled with effective management and the conflict-resolution practices in place in the organization. Affirmative action is the need of the society because of the widespread lack of equality in the socioeconomic status of people in the USA. There are a lot of places where some people earn more than others simply because the former belong to the majority while the

How far would you argue that technology drives change in narrative Essay

How far would you argue that technology drives change in narrative construction Evaluate the relationship between technology an - Essay Example Nevertheless, film-makers, including the viewing audience have accepted that the current developments in technology have made the transition into computer-generated images (CGI) inevitable. This paper shall discuss the extent to which I would argue in the fact that technology drives change in narrative construction. It will evaluate the relationship between technology and narrative, using the central argument that CGI has not really made any difference to narrative structures. This discussion will demonstrate relevant theories and establish a clear relation between theory and practice. The films of James Cameron – Titanic, Avatar, and Terminator 2 shall be used in order to explore this subject matter. This paper is being carried out in order to establish clear relations which would help viewers and film-makers assess the impact of current film-making technology and the narrative construction. Body Contrary to popular belief, CGI is not a recent technology as it can actually be traced back to the mechanical techniques in creating graphic images in the 1940s and 1950s (McClean, 2007). James Cameron is considered one of the pioneers of CGI through his films The Terminator, The Titanic, and Avatar. Cameron always loved films and one of his earliest exposures to the digital genre was through George Lucas and his Star Wars films (Johnson, 2010). He was prompted to study film and to enrol at the University of Southern California in order to secure a better understanding of the filming process. He learned as much as he could about special effects, optical printing, as well as front and rear projection (Johnson, 2010). He went on to purchase the tools he would need in order to start a film career. He also borrowed money from friends in order to finance his ambitions (Hamen, 2011). His conceptualization of visual effects was primarily based on what he was able to watch from other movies with subsequent visions on how to make the most realistic look for films, allo wing the viewers to be transported to a different world, a different planet, or even a different character (Hamen, 2011). The move from analogue to digital has also been a significant development in film, one which Cameron has been a significant part of (Keegan, 2010). Before the movie Avatar, the analogue format was the common format used, however, the digital format gained much strength and popularity after the movie Avatar was released. This move is advantageous for the film-making world because it provides a more life-like movie experience for film-viewers (Keegan, 2010). Moreover, the viewers would also relate better to the digital format, as the digital format provides more texture and life to the movie being depicted. As a tool for film-making however, directors and other film-makers have the burden of ensuring that the shift between analogue to the digital format would be a necessary shift (Keegan, 2010). Even as something is popular, does not necessarily mean that it ought to be used by everybody. In effect, directors need to understand that they do not have to use the digital format for their films; they can use the genre most appropriate for their films. Directors also have the responsibility to be true to the narrative construction and to ensure that the message of the film would be depicted honestly through the digital format (Sickels, 2011). His first venture into film-making was with the movie Piranha 2 which

Pproperty investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Pproperty investment - Essay Example In the past three years, as compared to the previous three years, Property Unit Trust (PUTs) which is a pooled property fund in UK had raised more than ? 7.7 billion of new investment, which is more than six times of the net investments received. In the year 2006 alone, property funds have received ? 3.6 billion into property funds. (Bottle & Key 2007). Thus, indirect investment in UK is gaining momentum and this research essay researches into various features of the same in detail. Analysis of indirect investments in real estates in UK â€Å"Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT)† Sampson (2010, p 50) states that â€Å"Real Estate Investment Trust â€Å"surprisingly established very late in certain markets like UK. It took nearly five decades to introduce REITs in UK after it was introduced 1960 in US market. The fundamental concept of a REIT is spotless as investors are expected to invest in an investment vehicle and then later, fund will go for shopping and invest in various top notched prime properties. Thus, a participating interest in a portfolio of tangible assets by an investor is mirrored by a share owned in REITs. Madlem & Sykes (2000, p 284) argue that REITs are trusts or publicly traded companies that coalesce the investments of many investors for the purchase, development and administration of commercial real estate. A REIT is like a mutual fund which is meant for real estate investment only. Investors are benefited from the professionally diversified, managed portfolios and REITs shares are traded on national stock exchanges. RIETs have surfaced as a significant financial intermediary and still in the developing process in the field of domestic capital markets of UK. Due to high dividend yields in RIETs sector, investors are more attracted, which is higher than those offered by government securities. Madlem & Sykes (2000, p 284) are of the opinion that REITs are always a preferred investment destination to investors as it offers higher yield s and also since real estate’s have customarily been a good performer even during inflationary phases. Real estate companies, which see this as a passionate source of low-cost capital that could be made in the capital markets and later could reap huge capital appreciation due to increase in prices of properties. Thus, this has resulted in rapid growth on the part of real estate companies, and investors enjoyed a record-breaking growth rate in the REITs. Block (2006, p 8) stresses that REITs have offered individual investors all over UK with a mean to purchase shopping malls, skyscrapers, apartment buildings, hotel and any variety of commercial real estate one can imagine of. REITs offer the predictable and steady cash flow from the leases of real estates, but with advantages of liquidity of a common stock. As part of their ongoing real estate business, REITs usually offer access to capital, which can be employed to purchase additional properties. Madlem & Sykes (2000, p284) a rgues that an investment in real estate has been always regarded as a solid investment. However, like all other assets, it travels in cycles. Due to the global economic crisis in 2007, the commercial real estate around the globe including UK witnessed serious setbacks. As a result, new construction activities have come to stand still. This

Business plan for Gym Equipment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business plan for Gym Equipment - Essay Example Purchasing fitness equipment online too, has grown substantially over the last several years. From numerous infomercial products to high-end home exercise equipments, the Internet provides the medium for detailed information on the benefits and features of each product. As people overcome their fear of cyber shopping, they are learning that the Internet offers both - the convenience and the savings. Convenience comes from comparative shopping without having to travel to numerous fitness equipment stores, where you often deal with unknowledgeable sales representatives. The Internet has empowered the consumer with detailed product information, allowing them to make intelligent purchasing decisions. In addition, the Internet provides an opportunity to avoid the added costs incurred through purchases at retail stores. A percentage of any price tag at a store includes overhead costs like leasing prime space, employee wages and inventory. The Internet is changing the rules, and online purc hases can result into significant savings on items like fitness equipments. Although people, mostly youngsters, have become much more fitness conscious than ever - a few online shops are existent on world wide web, selling home gym equipments. ... Hence, the current business position clearly speaks the need of a selling media from where the good number of customers can be reached on an everyday basis. Thus, e-shops are an opportunity. Else, the Internet websites already existing in the market selling home gym equipments, aren't yet covering the whole of potential customers. They are often into a part-time business of selling products via Internet, over and above having their conventional exhibition center - and hence, their business models are not probably as powerful as what a full-fledged Internet venture could have. "How can you rate a successful e-business The outward signs of a robust and thriving business are: Revenue increases Ability to generate profits Success in creating meaningful alliances Success in expanding into new markets Differentiating itself from other business models " ( Online Internet Business Models). In such a scenario, there is an opportunity of launching an Internet shop selling home gym equipments, as its full-time Internet business. Business activity Launched in the early days of year 2008, 'Beauty Fitness', a full-time e-shop - is into the business of selling home gyms and fitness equipments to young people, and all the others who want to stay in a good shape, keep fit - both physically and mentally. With fast growing Internet accessibility, e-shops are gaining bigger and bigger potential. Having established their presence on computers of almost all the British households, e-shops are not limited with daily working hours, weekend offs, or festive holidays. Customers can have access to our Internet shop 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. More, while in classic shops customers are required to walk around the town, 'Beauty Fitness' offers the customers that ease,

Quality of the Sustainability Report of British Land

Quality of the Sustainability Report of British Land The British Land Company is a brand of property development and investment company, which is one of largest companies in the  United Kingdom. It focuses on managing, financing and developing prime commercial property. British Land was formed in 1856. Over the years, company has purchased land and then resold it to customers who wanted to buy it. Nowadays, British Land owns a lean team of 242 people which is based in the UK and Western Europe. The company manages more or less  £14 billion portfolio of office and retail properties. Moreover, company is listed on the  London Stock Exchange  and is a constituent of the  FTSE 100 Index  and has been a founding member of the  European Public Real Estate Association. Their objective is to deliver long-term and sustainable total returns to our shareholders As a company, British Land committed to achieve corporate social responsibility objectives by working hard to ensure that structure, customer propositions and investment programmes are sustainable in society, economic and environment. These activities from April 2013 to March 2014 were described in Corporate Responsibility Full Data Report 2014. As such, the quality of sustainability report will be analysed in the following. The quality of corporate responsibility report 2014 of British Land can be evaluated based on principles of guidelines published by Global Reporting Initiative (GRI).The GRI lists six principles to assess sustainability report which is of sufficient quality. They are balance, comparability, accuracy, timeliness, clarity and reliability.Six principles will be defined first and then look at information from British Land’s report and then evaluate quality of these principles in practice. Balance To produce a high quality sustainability report, not only it represents the true performance of an organisation, but also endless positive public relations. Balanced report means reflect positive and negative aspects of the organization’s performance to enable a reasoned assessment of overall performance. X A good way to demonstrate balanced reporting is to clearly state how the organization performed regarding measurable achievements set in the previous year.Stakeholders can review those successful targets or if more work.In the corporate responsibility report 2014, British Land reported progress against its three years strategy across all sustainability areas of the business. As we can see, company reported that they had successfully reduced 36% less carbon emissions than the 2009 baseline in the report. Additionally, British Land has saved  £6.9 million energy cost for occupiers since 2009 and achieved 93% of waste diverted from landfill at our properties and 83% on development. X Overall, they got improvement against 2009 and achieved lots of targets in different areas including economic, environment and social. Although British Land has met the greater of their targets in different areas, stakeholders can find out that British Land’s report put negative things about their performance. Take greenhouse gas emissions as an example, the production process discharged6,953 tonnes CO2e during 2014 which was 300 tonnes higher than the previous year. It was balanced that the report discloses both favorable and unfavorable information and results on a year-to-year basis. This style of report increased transparency and accountability towards stakeholders or other parties. Comparability Issues and information should be selected, compiled, and reported consistently. X This principle means that reported information should be presented in a consistent manner that enables stakeholders to analyse the performance of the organisation over time or against other organisations. First of all, the sustainability report and the information contained within can be compared on a year-to-year basis. It showed that the data of British Land from 2011 to 2014. Stakeholders can compare the performance with different years so as to make decisions. Moreover, British Land increased comparability by means of using the same benchmarks to analyse performance year on year. Take tons of waste as an example, company used these total numbers as well as ratios (waste per unit of production) for analytical comparison. Also, company used kWh as metrics to compare its carbon emissions relate to energy consumption with different years or other organisations. Additionally, company provided and explained different factors in the report such as differences in organizational size, geographic influences, and other limitations that may affect the relative performance of an organization. These will help stakeholders understand the factors that may contribute to differences in performance between organizations. Furthermore, the report used generally accepted protocols for compiling, measuring, and presenting information. The report has utilized where the GRI Technical Protocol is explicit on the metric to be used for an Indicator such as carbon footprint, days per employee, staff covered and waste, etc. If any metrics were not mentioned by the GRI, British Land used metrics that are generally adopted by other organisations in their industry. Business in the Community has coordinated the corporate responsibility (CR) index as the UK’s leading benchmarking tool for responsible business. X Accuracy The information contained must be highly accurateso as to produce a high quality sustainability report. Therefore, stakeholders can measure the performance of an organisation with confidence. Data accuracy requires building stringent and robust data collection processes, such as internal quality assurance procedures. The best way to ensure data quality is to have quality assurance built into the data collection process. In the sustainability report 2014 of British Land, there was enough information about process to assure the data collection. The company had Independent assurance which evaluated the design of the key structures, systems, processes and controls for managing recording and reporting the selected information. X For example, five data sites which was selected on the basis of their inherent risk and materiality to the group were visited to understand the key processes and controls for reporting site performance data to the group corporate responsibility team. An alternative way is to commission an external third party to verify or assure data accuracy. The third party is experienced in sustainability reporting and data. In the report, it showed that selected key performance data was assured by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PwC) which is one of big accounting firms over the world. For example, the accounting firm assured that data of carbon strategy was accurate, reliable and objective with no significant omissions that could affect stakeholders to make decision on British Land’s performance. X Finally, British Land has invited wider stakeholders to review their data collection processes and to provide feedback if any data inaccuracies have occurred. In 2014, stakeholders participated in the review and consultation of the different legislative and consumer aspects. Timeliness If a sustainability report to be useful to stakeholders, it should clearly state the time period covered by the data and to be consistent. Based on a regular timetable, the release date of the sustainability report should be predicted whether it is annual or biannual. Therefore, stakeholders can assess progress and make informed decisions on the organization’s performance. British Land has been reporting year on year on its sustainability performance since 2002. The company has accumulated many sustainability reports, which can all be downloaded and are available in multiple languages. The sustainability reports are published in April of every year, which makes it predictable to stakeholders and allows them to integrate British Land into their decision making process in a timely manner. Clarity According to the GRI, a high quality sustainability report should be written in a manner that is easily understandable, accessible and usable to its range of stakeholders. British Land used lots of visual charts, pictures, tables, infographic, diagrams and other aids tomake its content accessible and information easilyunderstandable. The company increased the attractiveness by using of its report by providing several formats such as on the web, as a PDF report or ebook. However, British Land is a property developmentand investment companies. As such, there are a series of professional terms such that need to be illustrated in its sustainability report. British Land has not published a useful glossary of professional terms. They can create on its sustainabilitywebsites for some references so as to makes its sustainability report easily understandable to its stakeholders, Reliability To producea high quality sustainability report, the information and contents disclosed can be traced to its sources, checked and examined by stakeholders or other parties. Stakeholders should be able to find evidence to establish the veracity in the sustainability report. British Land elected PwC as an independent 3rd party assurer to assess their sustainability report. However, PwC made a conclusion that they planned and performed the engagement to obtain limited assurance about whether the selected information is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. Also, PwC concluded British Land’s declared GRI application level of B+ was not fairly stated in accordance with the reporting criteria. To increase reliability, PwC did not get enough reference of all original sources of data and information used in the report. They just provided a guidance section giving information behind calculations used by the company. The reliability of this sustainability report was not sufficient. Although another big accounting firm KPMG produced anindependent assurance report, minor recommended updates were made to the British Land’s procedures in relation to the risk of bribery and corruption in December 2013. British Land did not get audit opinion that increased stakeholder confidence that the data and assertions in thesustainabilityreport can be relied on to make informed decisions. Conclusion To conclude, the quality the of sustainability report 2014 of British Land is up to standard. Especially for comparability and clarity, the report showed that information and comparisons are both meaningful overtime and it clearly explained the reasons and implications of collected information through visual charts, pictures, tables. However, there’s stillroom for improvement in the report. The Directors of the British Land engaged PwC provided limited assurance on the information described in full data report for the year ended 31 March 2014. To increase reliability and accuracy of the report, company can invite NGOs to review their data collection processes and to provide comments where they think data inaccuracies have occurred. Having more assurances increase stakeholder confidence that the data and assertions in sustainabilityreport can be relied on to make decisions. Furthermore, company can provide other popular formats such as software application in order to increase the attractiveness and use of its report. The sustainability reports as mobile apps can be published that are readable on smartphone and tablets. Stakeholders or businesses can increasingly incorporate tablets into day to day activities such as meetings and sustainability reporting apps must beubiquitous. The advantages of these apps over traditional formats are its highly interactive nature, the ability to easily review the report through buttons, and its visual beauty.

Biblical References in Grapes of Wrath Essay -- essays research papers

In his novel Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck integrated many biblical references and values throughout the book. This provided a more intriguing and complex style of writing that he used to tell about the Dust Bowl of the early 1900’s and the arduous journey the Joad family and many others took to reach California. The first biblical reference is revealed when the Joad family leaves for California. â€Å"the rest swarmed up on top of the load, Connie and Rose of Sharon, Pa and Uncle John, Ruthie and Winfield, Tom and the preacher. Noah stood on the ground, looking up at the great load of them sitting on top of the truck (Steinbeck 113)† This passage relates to the loading of animals into Noah’s Ark in Genesis 7:15 where it is written that the animals went into the ark in pairs. In the book, Steinbeck uses the truck to represent the ark while the family represents the animals going into the ark two by two. Although it is depicted in the Bible that the animals went in as couples, male and female, there were not enough female characters for Steinbeck to be able to have them get into the truck in couples. Steinbeck might have made Noah’s name Noah for this purpose to give an allusion that this passage was to mirror the act of Noah’s Ark. The second reference to Noah’s Ark is revealed near the end of the novel. â€Å"The rain began in gusty showers†¦for two days the earth drank the rain, until the earth was full†¦the rain beat on steadily†¦level fields became lakes†¦streams broke†¦and spread out over the country (Steinbeck 432-434).† This passage illustrates the great rain that comes to California and floods the valleys and over the fields. It floods the tents and homes of the Okies and causes them to move elsewhere to find shelter from the rain... ...till-born baby. The image when Uncle John floats the dead baby down the flooded steam is a reference to baby Moses when he is places into the Nile in a basket. Both babies were sent off into the world with the same message in mind, to tell of the plight of the people, which for the Joad’s was the harsh living conditions and lack of food and home, while for the Israelites was the inhumane murder of their baby boys. â€Å"‘Go down an’ tell em’. Go down in the street an’ rot an’ tell em’ that way. That’s the way you can talk’ (Steinbeck 448).† Steinbeck uses biblical allusions and references throughout his novel, from the very beginning to the climax and the end. The novel becomes a more meaningful and complex book with the use of these allusions and causes it to relate more and more with the Great Depression where many problems with authorities and social problems arose. Biblical References in Grapes of Wrath Essay -- essays research papers In his novel Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck integrated many biblical references and values throughout the book. This provided a more intriguing and complex style of writing that he used to tell about the Dust Bowl of the early 1900’s and the arduous journey the Joad family and many others took to reach California. The first biblical reference is revealed when the Joad family leaves for California. â€Å"the rest swarmed up on top of the load, Connie and Rose of Sharon, Pa and Uncle John, Ruthie and Winfield, Tom and the preacher. Noah stood on the ground, looking up at the great load of them sitting on top of the truck (Steinbeck 113)† This passage relates to the loading of animals into Noah’s Ark in Genesis 7:15 where it is written that the animals went into the ark in pairs. In the book, Steinbeck uses the truck to represent the ark while the family represents the animals going into the ark two by two. Although it is depicted in the Bible that the animals went in as couples, male and female, there were not enough female characters for Steinbeck to be able to have them get into the truck in couples. Steinbeck might have made Noah’s name Noah for this purpose to give an allusion that this passage was to mirror the act of Noah’s Ark. The second reference to Noah’s Ark is revealed near the end of the novel. â€Å"The rain began in gusty showers†¦for two days the earth drank the rain, until the earth was full†¦the rain beat on steadily†¦level fields became lakes†¦streams broke†¦and spread out over the country (Steinbeck 432-434).† This passage illustrates the great rain that comes to California and floods the valleys and over the fields. It floods the tents and homes of the Okies and causes them to move elsewhere to find shelter from the rain... ...till-born baby. The image when Uncle John floats the dead baby down the flooded steam is a reference to baby Moses when he is places into the Nile in a basket. Both babies were sent off into the world with the same message in mind, to tell of the plight of the people, which for the Joad’s was the harsh living conditions and lack of food and home, while for the Israelites was the inhumane murder of their baby boys. â€Å"‘Go down an’ tell em’. Go down in the street an’ rot an’ tell em’ that way. That’s the way you can talk’ (Steinbeck 448).† Steinbeck uses biblical allusions and references throughout his novel, from the very beginning to the climax and the end. The novel becomes a more meaningful and complex book with the use of these allusions and causes it to relate more and more with the Great Depression where many problems with authorities and social problems arose.

Theory of Consumer Behavior

Chapter 4 – Theory of Consumer Behavior Economics 11 – UPLB Prepared by T. B. Paris, Jr. December 11, 2007 Theory of Consumer Behavior ? ? ? Useful for understanding the demand side of the market. Utility – amount of satisfaction derived from the consumption of a commodity †¦. measurement units ? utils Utility concepts ? ? cardinal utility – assumes that we can assign values for utility, (Jevons, Walras, and Marshall). E. g. , derive 100 utils from eating a slice of pizza ordinal utility approach – does not assign values, instead works with a ranking of preferences. Pareto, Hicks, Slutsky) Total utility and marginal utility ? ? Total utility (TU) – the overall level of satisfaction derived from consuming a good or service Marginal utility (MU) additional satisfaction that an individual derives from consuming an additional unit of a good or service. ? TU MU = ? Q Total utility and marginal utility Example (Table 4. 1): Q 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 T U 0 20 27 32 35 35 34 30 36 MU –20 7 5 3 0 -1 -4 ? ? ? ? TU, in general, increases with Q At some point, TU can start falling with Q see Q = 6) If TU is increasing, MU > 0 From Q = 1 onwards, MU is declining ? principle of diminishing marginal utility ? As more and more of a good are consumed, the process of consumption will (at some point) yield smaller and smaller additions to utility Total Utility Curve TU 35 Total utility(in utils) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 Quantity 6 Q Figure 4. 1 Marginal Utility Curve MU Marginal utility (in utils) 20 15 10 5 0 -5 Figure 4. 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 Quantity Q Consumer Equilibrium ? ?So far, we have assumed that any amount of goods and services are always available for consumption In reality, consumers face constraints (income and prices): Limited consumers income or budget ? Goods can be obtained at a price ? Some simplifying assumptions ? ? ? ? Consumer’s objective: to maximize his/her utility subject to income constraint 2 goods (X, Y ) Prices Px, Py are fixed Consumer’s income (I) is given Consumer Equilibrium ? Marginal utility per peso ? additional utility derived from spending the next peso on the good MU MU per peso = PConsumer Equilibrium ? Optimizing condition: MU X MU Y = PX PY ? If MU X MU Y > PX PY ? spend more on good X and less of Y Simple Illustration ? Suppose: X = fishball Y = siomai ? Assume: PX = 2 PY = 10 Numerical Illustration Qx 1 2 3 4 5 6 TUX 30 39 45 50 54 56 MUX 30 9 6 5 4 2 MUx Px 15 4. 5 3 2. 5 2 1 QY 1 2 3 4 5 6 TUY 50 105 148 178 198 213 MUY 50 55 43 30 20 15 MUy Py 5 5. 5 4. 3 3 2 1. 5 ? ? 2 potential optimum positions Combination A: ? X = 3 and Y = 4 ? TU = TUX + TUY = 45 + 178 = 223 ? Combination B: ? ? X = 5 and Y = 5 TU = TUX + TUY = 54 + 198 = 252 ? Presence of 2 potential equilibrium positions suggests that we need to consider income. To do so let us examine how much each consumer spends for each combination. Expenditure per combination ? ? Total expenditure = PX X + PY Y Combination A: 3(2) + 4(10) = 46 ? Combination B: 5(2) + 5(10) = 60 ? Scenarios: If consumer’s income = 46, then the optimum is given by combination A. .†¦Combination B is not affordable ? If the consumer’s income = 60, then the optimum is given by Combination B†¦. Combination A is affordable but it yields a lower level of utility ? end

Migration HIV and the political economy theory

Human immunodeficiency Virus (H.I.V) is spread through; 1) Sexual intercourse with an infected individual. 2) Use of needles or syringe for injections with an infected individual. 3) Transfusions of infected blood and blood clotting factors; Children to an infected mother may be infected before, during or after birth due to breastfeeding. (See migration HIV @) Migration is the movement of people from one locality to another. Incase one immigrant is infected there is the risk of spread of the virus. Sexual Intercourse with an infected person; When people move from one place to another they always don’t move with their sex partners. They therefore search for prostitutes or new partners to have sex with. Incase of unprotected sex, the virus will be transmitted. Many couples may not want to for H.I.V checkup so they may not be aware of their status. When these immigrants go back to their original sex partners the virus is spread again. This is normally worsened due to unfaithfulness of married couples or sex partners. Use of needles or syringe for injections with an infected person; In third world countries, needles and syringe are shared due to the unaffordable new ones. Most people don’t know their status and if they know they don’t make others aware. So the use of contaminated needles is normally unavoidable. The illiterate believe that washing needles or syringe thoroughly with hot water is good enough which is not true. Immigrants may not know where to get qualified doctors and frequent quarks that expose them to the risk. When they travel back to their motherlands the virus is spread more. This is also very common with users of Heroine and other illegal drugs. Transfusion of blood and blood clotting factors; Due to high costs of qualified doctors, Immigrants may want to look for cheap nurses without looking at the implications. Blood from donors is not screened at such clinics, this spreads the virus further. A theoretical analysis from a political-economic perspective of migration and the transmission of HIV indicates that citizens of such states can live in any part of the country without restriction in order to improve their standards of living. Due to the struggles of life people are encouraged to look for greener pastures wherever the location, an example is whereby someone is posted to another part of the country or world for work or due to a promotion. Someone may decide to start a business in a different town from his original place of residence. In Kenya, kikuyus are good in making money so they are always ready to do this in any part of the country and end up being immigrants. In Kenya there has been cases of Members of parliament being spotted at Koinange Street, a place for sex trade. Politics have made these people rich and can afford to spend on slats. Prostitues look at this as a major source of income. The city is filled with unemployed immigrants; everytime getting a job proves to be hard they result to prostitution in order to earn a living. Prostutes may be so desperate that they don’t mind having unprotected sex hence become vulnerable. The current Kenyan Government is not allowing prostitution. Streets at night are being cleared everyday and slats asked to get other sources of income. These people end up getting married and may not consider going for a HIV check up before tying the note, they therefore infect their couples. The new government should make it a law that before people get married they should go for a thorough medial check up. This law will minimize the chances of further transmissions. In Kenya; Luos and other tribes encourage wife inheritance this happens as a tradition .The new husband is always the bread winner because most widows are normally poor and cant afford to pay for their bills. In most cases the widows normally have HIV infections. Sex with new husbands/wife is normally a risk. Brothers to the deceased brother may have to move in from other areas to live with the widow or the widow may have to move to her in-law for inheritance. The new Government is also promising to stop this tradition completely. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a deeply rooted tradition in some African communities; an example is the Gusii community in Kenya. Most of those who do the cutting consider it to be a source of income. They don’t change the knives so one cutting objects may be shared by more than twenty people. These circumcisers are illiterate and don’t understand the risk that they expose their clients to. They also consider new tools and equipment to be costly. Female Genital Mutilation is a practice that is not allowed by the Kenya (in Africa) Government so those have the tradition doesn’t looks for professional help hence exposing their clients. Lately, Members of parliament from such areas have been campaigning for the abolition of such traditions. The government should enforce the following laws: 1) One man one woman: Those with job transfers should move with their wives. This will reduce the need for prostitution and unfaithfulness. 2) Prisoners should be allowed to have intimate relationships with their wives: Due to the high levels of poverty in Africa citizens may be tempted to steal are engage in fraud activites. They therefore land in prisons were they might sexual intercourse with other women/men convicts. Prisoners should be visited by their wives at certain times and given a bed to help themselves. 3) Prostitution should be completely abolished: Prostitutes should not be arrested but should be introduced to other styles of income generation. Most prostitutes do it for the sake of money and with most rich people being their clients they might not want to quit. Salaries for Members of Parliament should be reduced and that amount redistributed to the poor through business loans. 4) Hospital/medical expenses should be made affordable: Every citizen will avoid quarks that might share needles/syringe. Gorvement’s trained medical personnel will always make sure that blood is screened before transfusion. 5) Legitimacy and illiteracy should be reduced: Citizens should be encouraged to acquire knowledge and education regarding HIV transmisission. They will therefore stop their awkward thoughts and traditions, which include; a) Female Genital Mutilation where one knife may used on more than twenty people before being washed, not even being changed. b) Marrying of daughters to rich people for the sake of dowry. c) Sharing of needles among drug users. In conclusion, migration should never be a factor contributing the transmission of HIV. People should have sex discipline all the time regardless of their newresidence. This includes: 1) Abstain 2) Be faithful to their sex partners 3) Have protected sex. Prostitutes should also be made aware of the danger they are exposing themselves and the others to besides the economic value of unprotected sex. Personal doctors should always be consulted regardless of the distance. These are the professionals that someone can trust with their treatment and cases of contaminated, blood for transfusion, needles or syringe will be reduced. Â  

Reasons for Joining WW1 (DBQ) essays

Reasons for Joining WW1 (DBQ) essays To the winner go the spoils, to the loser goes humiliation, but if its not your fight, avoid either of those situations and stay out of it. That seemed to be Wilsons opinion in 1914. As World War I began and expanded to much of Europe, the US [mainly Wilson] decided to remain neutral. However, things dont always go as planned. Nationalism, financial interests, and past American connections with other nations caused the US to abandon its neutrality and enter World War I. Americas nationalism included the tendency to act in their own interest, such as protecting themselves from war. Once Germany started threatening force with their submarines, America had to take action to defend itself. If the US tolerated this international bullying, it would diminish its reputation as a great power. Instead, as document 5 shows; when Germany tried to act against America, America accepted it as a justified reason for going to war. Another one of Germanys strikes against America was the Zimmerman Note, explained in document 4. The note enraged Americans, who saw it as Germany going behind our back to set up an alliance incase things went bad. It also encouraged Mexico to take back certain parts of land that were now part of the US. Clearly this didnt please America, who once again saw this as a need to take a defensive standpoint. Perhaps the most influential but least honorable reason for joining the war, was the financial aspect. America had many commercial investments overseas, and this war threatened them. That was when Wilson proclaimed American a neutral country; this way keeping trade relations mellow with all countries. Some business leaders praised the choice of going neutral, others who had stronger connections with Great Britain, wanted to aid the country if necessary. After all, as document 2 shows, trade with Britain was at higher rates than trade with any other country. And when it was necessary...

Research Term Papers

Research Term Papers Writing successful research term papers requires the skills of choosing a topic, focusing in on a thesis, investigating the subject, analyzing information, and reporting the results. Careful investigation of your own opinions, the facts about a situation, and the judgments of others will help you write a successful research papers or term papers. Because research writing involves so many different skills and activities, it is especially important to be systematic in your approach. In order to complete your research term papers successfully you will need to go through several steps in your writing process. At first, you will need to analyze the paper assignment. Then, you should plan a research strategy and actually do the research paper. Conducting good research requires taking good notes and keeping good records. Before research paper writing, choose a preliminary thesis and write an outline. Only after this write the first draft. Then read the paper again and revise it, repeat revisions till you get the final result. And finally, document your sources correctly. Writing research term papers will require a lot of work with texts from books, Internet, magazines, journals and other written sources. Simply to find the relevant material is not enough for writing good research term papers. You should use your sources effectively. The key point to quoting is not to overdo it. Inexperienced writers tend to insert too many quotations in their research term papers, using their own sentences just to link these passages. But readers only glance over long quotations. With too many quotations, certainly with more than two or three on a page, the writing will be disconnected, the argument will be unclear, and your own voice will be buried by those of others. Therefore in order to avoid such fallacies you should limit your use of direct quotations in the paper. You should use direct quotations only in the cases when you want to provide a sample of a writing style or dialect, when a point is particularly well stated, or when the exact phrasing of a policy or a law is important to your argument. Therefore, always track the quantity and quality of your quotations. Keep yourself from including in your research papers or term papers all collected information for the topic. Use only the most important sources and make a quote as short as possible. In order to succeed in writing your research term papers you should make them understandable to the reader and use relevant information that is directly related to your research topic. Therefore you should make your research term papers structured and coherent. In order to structure your paper write an outline that will state your research term paper background, thesis and your main points. Use this outline as a frame for writing the paper. Write the paper in already outlined order. It will not only help your readers to better follow your thought but also you to compose the paper in order. In the end of the research term paper, write your conclusion that will summarize the whole information written above. It will help the reader to recall information written in your paper and consolidate it in mind. Properly written conclusion is especially important when your research term paper is very long and consists of detailed information that is difficult to remember from the first reading. Make it simpler for your readers. Remind them what you have been describing in your research term paper. If you need custom paper writing help from highly qualified writers you can use our custom writing service that provides high-quality custom papers and essays written from scratch.